論《太乙金華宗旨》的心性、身體、魂魄觀——內丹學的「氣、光」身心修証與冥契體驗

To Explore these Dimensions of Spirit, Body and Soul in the Book of ＂The Secret of the Golden Flower＂: Neidan's Practice and Mysterious Experience about Ch'i and Light

《太乙金華宗旨》是道教內丹修煉之經典。內丹學原是一門帶有玄秘、隱晦的身心修煉傳統，雖在宋元明清之際，和理學、禪宗頗多交涉，但由於特殊修煉語境的複雜性、隱晦性，使得內丹學系統內部的客觀嚴格研究，一直未被真正建立起來。換言之，內丹經典長期以來，幾乎一直保留它內部一貫的象徵、隱喻特質，學者總有難窺究竟之憾。但，內丹眾多經典中，卻有一部書奇異之書，它在幾近奇幻遭遇的情境下，經由漢學家衛禮賢的翻譯，飄洋過海到歐洲，進入了榮格的心理學和宗教的評論視域，更決定性地影響了榮格對西方鍊金術的心理學詮釋角度，並因榮格之緣而再返過來啟發了日本學家湯淺泰雄的東方修身哲學等。換言之，《太乙金華宗旨》經由這樣由東而西、西而返東的一番歷練後，已成為一部國際性的經典，並在歷經當代心理學、宗教學、身體哲學的洗禮後，有了一番最具當代新語境的風貌。換言之，《太乙金華宗旨》的特殊遭遇，使得內丹學的研究頓然一超九地，從地方到國際、從古老到當代。本文擇取這一蒙受恩典的內丹之作，主要不在外部性的文獻考証之類，而是要深入內丹家的內部修煉世界，從中一一細部分析其中的存有論、工夫論、身體觀、心性論等，當然也會觸及內丹家的宗教經驗，尤其涉及氣與光的身心冥契境界。

＂The secret of the Golden Flower＂ is a sutra of the neidan practice. Although neidan was so much encounter with the New Confucianism and Zen from the Song to Ching dynasty, but because of the mystical and obscure tradition, it is still lack of objective research. Neidan is always keeping its symbolic and metaphorical forms, that is to say, it keeps away from the light of reason. Amazingly, there is an extraordinary sutra through a fantastic process which is ＂The secret of the Golden Flower＂. First of all, it was translated in the German by Richard Wilhelm, and then interpreted with the view of psychology by Carl Jung. Especially, it effected the psychological interpretation to the western alchemy determinedly. By way of the psychologic master's concern, the sutra came back from west to east again. Now it is not only a local knowledge but also a national sutra. That is the reason why I choose ＂The secret of the Golden Flower＂ for my analytical text in this article. I will try to explore those dimensions which are ontology, practice, body, spiritual character, and religious experience. In a word, it will touch the transcendental phenomenon, ＂ch'i and light＂, in the mysterious experiences.