上博九〈成王為城濮之行〉字詞選釋

An Research of the Ninth Volume of Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips – “The King Cheng's Trip to Chengpu＂

〈成王為城濮之行〉收錄自《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書》第九冊，現存九簡，文義未完，後半尚有殘缺之簡文。筆者認為篇首開頭的「城濮之行」指的就是歷史上著名的「城濮之戰」，作者可能已將子文、子玉練兵之事視為城濮之戰的開端，抑或重於記言而輕於記事，遂導致簡文與傳抄史籍的說法有所出入。本篇內容記載成王前往城濮，並令子文教導子玉操練軍隊之法，軍演過後，成王於子文家作客，國人皆慶賀子文善於舉拔人才，唯獨年幼的伯嬴置之不理，子文主動前去攀談，並責怪伯嬴應多設想老人的用心。伯嬴告訴子文，俟子玉大敗之後，子文雖會因為尊崇的地位而不被誅殺，但之所以戰敗實由於子文之薦舉，子文難辭其咎，故無可慶賀。簡文利用伯嬴與子文的對話，突顯子玉的難負大任以及蔿賈的先見之明，並預見楚國日後將遭遇重大挫敗。本文可與《左傳．僖公二十七年》的記載參看，但簡文中部分的地名、用語與傳世文獻無法對應，許多疑難字詞也亟待研究。本篇簡文公布以後，學者短時間內於武漢大學簡帛網、復旦大學出土文獻與古文字研究中心大量提出考釋意見，可惜學界多半只針對個別字詞進行研究，較少通篇研究的作品，而諸多疑難字詞也尚待商榷。有鑒於此，筆者進行通篇研究，並提出十則釋讀意見，敬請學者專家不吝批評指正。

“The King Cheng's Trip to Chengpu”, which is enclosed in the ninth volume of Chu-Dynasty Bamboo Slips of Warring States Era Compiled by Shanghai Museum, consisted of nine slips at this moment. Since unfinished words and incomplete sentences were observed in the later parts, it seems that some bamboo slips are still missing. The summary of the bamboo slips described how Ziyu's burdensome responsibility and Boying's foresight are manifested by the conversation between Boying and Ziwen, through which they predicted the Kingdom of Chu will incur severe downfall in days to come. This article can be referred to Chronicle of Zuo (Zuo Zhuan‧the 27th Year of Duke Xi). However, in the texts of the bamboo slips, name of some places, wordings, and handed-down documents did not correspond with each other, and there are many abstruse words needed to be identified. According to current research results, academia pays more attention to individual words/characters, while less compressive studies have been conducted, as lots of unclear words still remain open to discussion. Concerning with this issue, here I put forward ten interpretations, and hope you will kindly share your sincere comments.