從清人沈道寬〈論詞絕句〉四十二首建構其詞學觀

Constructing Shen Dao Kuan's View of Ci-study from ＂Forty-two Ci-Poems Evaluation with Poems＂

清人沈道寬（1772－1853）撰有〈論詞絕句〉四十二首，以組詩方式有意識評論自唐至清中葉的重要詞家，藉此可觀察沈氏詞學見解。四十二首詩大致分為三類，有綜論詩詞關係與溯源的文體論；分論詞壇名家，聚焦於兩宋詞人，他朝則略舉數家提要評析的個體論；合論部分詞人，評議其高下的比較論。就沈氏論詞絕句可析理以下觀點：（一）透過「論詞絕句」瞭解沈氏詞學觀點與評詞好惡，包括對格律的要求與婉約詞審美偏好，並求其雅致為本，用字清新；（二）清代受詞派籠罩，沈氏詞派傾向近於浙西，又略為不同，其人周、姜並賞，更同理接受上乘的豪放詞作；（三）論詞絕句略可架構沈氏的詞史觀，不從尊體說，以風格說明詞體的承繼關係，主要仍分婉約、豪放兩派。

＂Forty-two Ci-Poems Evaluation with Poems＂ is sequential poetry written by Shen Dao Kuan which is consciously commented on significant Ci-poets from the Tang Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty. It has three genres: The Stylistics comprehensive discussion on the relations between Ci-poems and its traceability; Individual theory supplemented by other dynasties, which mainly discussed two generations of important poets separately; Comparative theory which discussed the advantages and disadvantages between two or more writers. The following points of view can be analyzed on Shen's critical sentences: First, to understand Shen's viewpoints and comments on Ci, including the requirements for metrics and aesthetic preferences for graceful words, and to seek elegance as the basis and use fresh words. Second, The Qing Dynasty was shrouded by the School of Ci-poems, Shen's Ci School tended to be similar to the Western Zhejiang School (Zhe-xi), but slightly different. He appreciated Zhou Bang Yan and Jiang Kui, and also accepted the highest bold faction. Third, ＂Ci-Poems Evaluation with Poems＂ can construct Shen's view of Ci history, which is not based on the theory of respecting the style, but on the inheritance of Ci style and they are still divided into two main factions: graceful and bold.