宮廷場域中的漢魏六朝女性作者──以宮廷教育與文學侍從為中心

Female Authors in the Court Field during the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties: A Study on Court Education and Literary Attendants

本文聚焦作為文學場域的宮廷，考察活躍於此的漢魏六朝女性作者、受眾，及其作品與活動，分為「宮廷教育」和「文學侍從」兩方面論述。前者說明女性作者如何以其著作進行宮教，產生具有性別特色的教育內涵與傳播形式。漢晉女性作者將儒家經學教育轉化、應用於宮廷女教範疇，並以圖像呈現於生活空間中；南朝宮教則轉向女性個人情性表現，而較少標舉婦德。後者說明宮廷女性近似男性文學侍從的面向，寫作詠物賦頌歌頌皇權、主動獻賦宮廷、參與宮廷節慶活動等。然即使為公開、應命寫作，這些作品仍流露女性身處宮廷中的性別觀點與經驗。宮廷場域中的創作，常成為即席指向受眾的話語，有助於女性作者建立才名、傳播作品，其人其作方能流傳至今。

This paper focused on royal court as a literary field and discuss on two aspects: royal court education and literary attendance. Regarding royal court education, it described about how female authors used their works for teachings in the royal court to produce educational and communication forms with gender characteristics. During Han and Jin Dynasties Female authors transformed the Confucian classics and applied them to women's education at the court, presenting them in images of the living space; royal court education during the Southern Dynasties shifted its emphasis on women's morality to women's personal emotional expression. Literary attendance illustrates the aspects of women at the court that were similar to those of the male literary attendance, such as writing poetry, chants, and prose in praise of the imperial power, presenting prose at court, and participating in festival activities at court. Regardless they wrote for fellow courtiers or in response to imperial orders, these works reveal the gender perspectives and experience of women at court. Literary creation at court often became audience-oriented impromptu discourses, which helped establish the names of female authors and disseminate their works, enabling their works to be passed down through the generations.