由「短篇事例」論先秦漢初的論說與敘史──以「晉滅虞虢」為例

On the Argumentation and Narrative of Chinese Classical Prose in Pre-Qin and Early Han Dynasties Via ＂Anecdote＂

本文討論古典散文中的一種基礎論說／敘史素材「短篇事例」（anecdote），透過「晉滅虞虢」為例，分析先秦漢初傳世與出土文獻對同一事例的不同運用與特色，嘗試論述「短篇事例」的修辭效用與體裁特質，嘗試藉此重新體察、反思諸子論辯與敘史散文之分野，以及「記言」、「記事」二種傳統史體之意義。本文〈一〉首先說明中、西學界對於短篇事例的不同研究傾向。〈二〉以諸子、策士論說為主，討論短篇事例的修辭效用，指出其內容簡要而釋義多端，其篇幅、人物、情節均可視論說需要而延展或濃縮，甚至可並列數個不同的短篇事例而發揮彼此對比、加乘、互補，甚至互相駁難的效果。〈三〉則以《左傳》、《國語》為主，探討短篇事例在不同類型的歷史敘事－－「記言」、「記事」二體中的表現，分析短篇事例如何經過擴充、剪裁等編排，融入更宏大的歷史敘事架構之中。

This essay discusses ＂Jin conquered the Yu and Guo＂ with the basic narrative theory of Chinese classical prose ＂anecdote＂. By analyzing the following features in Chinese classical prose, including different uses and characteristics of the same case in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, the rhetoric utility and genre characteristics, the differences between scholars' arguments and historical prose and the significance of the two traditional historical systems in ＂narrative＂ and ＂chronicles＂. First, this essay explains the different research tendencies towards the anecdote in the Eastern and Western scholarship. Second, based on anecdotes in Pre-Qin scholar's texts, it points out that it reflects the rhetorical function of the anecdote on/off the brevity, flexibility of its form, and the ambiguity, adaptability of its interpretation. Third, by exploring the different types of historical narration of the anecdote in ZuoZhuan and Guoyu, it represented two systems of ＂narrative＂ and ＂chronicles＂ and analyze how does anecdote be expanded and tailored into a great historical narrative framework.