從「益齋北學填詞說」談高麗李齊賢詞學淵源

On the Origin of Li Qi Xian's Ci-ology

朝鮮徐居正《東人詩話》，贊揚高麗人李齊賢的詞作，卻認為東人與中國語言不同，不能倚聲填詞，李齊賢只因曾經北學於中國才能填詞，其說法似是而非。本文全面查閱高麗時期的文集，指出填詞之人已經不少，並從李齊賢的詞作裡，發現李齊賢的詞學淵源是從北宋─金─高麗這個系統承傳而來。高麗人輸入曲譜和唱法，歌妓可能以韓式漢字讀音演唱，文人亦以此法倚聲填詞，李齊賢在高麗本土已能填詞，不必到中國之後學了漢語，才能把詞填好。文中也對李齊賢到元大都這件事，作了分析，並且指出高麗人到元朝所學的是蒙古語，而不是漢語，徐居正的揣測，顯然失宜。全文透過精密的採證，通過對北宋─金─元─高麗這一條詞學流動的脈絡，建立高麗詞學與李齊賢填詞淵源的正確看法。

Xu Ju Zheng (1420-1488) spoke very highly to Ci-poetry of Li Qi Xian (1288-1367) in Dong Ren Shi Hua (Korean poetry Talks). As known, Li was a prominent poet during Koryo Dynasty. Xu was attributed to Li's works, however by considering the Korean difference from Chinese characters has rendered the failure of posing Ci-poetry. It is because Li had traveled to the north of China and to learn Chinese Ci-poetry, and this is specious argument. Based on Xu's opinion, Li's Ci-ology is groundless. I discover that many writers posed Ci-poetry apart from Li and Li's CI-poems demonstrate that they originated from Northern Song and Jin Dynasties. Based on the score and singing methods borrowing from China, writers including Li in Koryo Dynasty were able to pose Ci-poems as Geisha might sing in Koryo-Chinese characters. Hence, Li began to write Ci-poems before he traveled to China. Besides, Li with his fellows learned Mongolian rather than Chinese characters during their visit Yuan Dynasty. All of these establish undoubtedly that Xu's assertion that Li's Ci-poetry are originated from Chinese is an erroneous arguments.