森槐南的詞學──關於詞的起源

The Study of Ci of Kainan Mori on the Origin of Ci

森槐南（1863－1911）是明治時期漢詩壇最著名的人物，他不僅進行創作，在詩學、詞學、戲曲、小說等方面也有很深的造詣；從他的遺稿之一《作詩法講話》（1911）第四章「詩、詞之別」，可見其詞學之一端。森槐南於此章論述詞的起源，其結論是：1.詞在中唐得以確立。2.最初演唱絕句時，由於缺乏變化，於是在樂曲中加入了「和聲」、「散聲」、「偷聲」。3.在前述有聲無辭之處填入文字以後，形成長短句，詞的形式因此得以確立。這個結論，其實十分符合胡適（1891－1962）〈詞的起源〉（1927）一文的說法。雖然二者提出的時間有十多年落差，但中日兩國不約而同展開內容幾乎相同的詞源論，是非常有趣的。

Kainan Mori もり かいなん(1863-1911) was the most famous figure in the world of Chinese-style poetry in the Meiji period. Involved in many genres of creative activities, he had a profound knowledge of the study of Shi, Ci, plays, novels and so on. His achievements about the study of Ci was demonstrated in the fourth chapter named ＂The Difference between Shi and Ci＂ from one of his posthumous works, Sakushiho Kowa. In this chapter, Kainan mori discussed the origin of Ci and his view could be summarized as the following three points. Firstly, Ci was established in the middle Tang Dynasty. Secondly, 'He Sheng', 'San Sheng' and 'Tou Sheng' were added into the music since 'Jue Ju' was lack of change while being chanted in accordance with music. Thirdly, after filling letters in the above-mentioned music without words, a style combines the long and short sentences had been formed. Thus the style of Ci was established. In fact, his view was in agreement with an opinion by Hu Shi (1891-1962) in ＂The origin of Ci＂ (1927). Although there was more than a decade difference between the times of publishing of their views, it was interesting that China and Japan had developed a similar view about the origin of Ci accidentally.