「用虛」、「直書」與「本色」：王龍溪「作文」觀相關議題探討

The Study of Wang Long Xi's Idea of Writing in 'Virtually Conscience', 'Genuine Writing', 'Being True' and Related Academic Topics

王龍溪思想影響晚明文藝思潮甚大。若能對王氏文藝理論，進行析論闡發，將有助於吾人更貼切理解晚明文論深層意涵。亦即，對於王氏文藝思想進行研究，具有一定的學術意義。本文便旨在探討王氏「作文」觀理念核心─「用虛」，與其「作文」觀中的「直書」、「本色」文字概念的關聯性。經由本文討論，可知其關聯性，乃為：只有「致知」以「無欲」的人品踐履，才能讓吾人回歸於良知「心息相依，水火自交」的「虛」狀態。吾人作文，身體手足才能順著「良知本虛」心氣，從「天機」運轉地「用虛」運筆；也才能讓沒有一毫習氣參次其間的良知心氣「以直而動，自有天則」地「直書」，「直寫」出「自然平正通達，紆徐操縱，沉著痛快」的「本色」文字，以成就「良知本虛，天機常活」的文章。本文在探討王氏「作文」觀的同時，也指出了深受王氏影響的唐順之，其著名的文章「本色」論及「本色」論內涵之一─「直寫胸臆」的「直寫」概念，與王氏作文觀應具一定的關係性。本文的研究，除了揭示尚未被學界所洞晰的王氏「作文」觀─「用虛」、「直書」與「本色」文字概念意涵外，亦將有助於他日對唐順之文藝思想深層意涵的挖掘與詮釋。本文若能對文藝研究有所貢獻，其價值意義當在於此。

Wang Long Xi's idea had brought great influences in the literary state of change in Late-Ming. The study of this thesis is to treat Wang's literature theory some details, may the expositions of this paper will have a chance of help to give a better theoretical contribution to Late-Ming's literary theories. Wang defined the very core of ‘Writing’ or ‘Compose a composition’ is content by virtually conscience. Besides the importance of virtually conscience, genuine writing and being true are also the related element of Wang's Idea of Writing. By way of the discussion of this paper, it will come to a realization of correlation between ‘only those who truly pursue knowledge but with unattached wants’; and it might lead us to ‘a reversion of virtually conscience’. The way of Writing is followed along with a belief of conscience is virtual. Through that conscience of virtual, genuine writing can be carried out in an even yet sensible way. The definite of ‘Being true’ will only show via a person genuine writing. Furthermore, through the studies of Wang's Writing Idea, the thesis had as well pointed out Tang Shun Zhi, a scholar that deeply influenced by Wang. Tang had written a notable article that related to Wang's Writing Idea. The article discussed the definite of being true through the concept of genuine writing. Moreover, Wang's Idea of Writing (Virtually Conscience, Genuine Writing and Being True) hasn’t been deeply discovered by academic circles, this paper had also put efforts into Tang Shun Zhi literary thoughts on the chance to help other scholars to discover the greatness of his thoughts. This will be a great intention and literary merit that researcher looked forward to.