從出場人物探索日本昔話詞彙特徵──以《赤鳥》雜誌童話為討論材料

Approaching the vocabulary characterizations in Japanese folktales by studying the figures in the stories -Using magazine “Akai Tori＂ as studying material

本報告試透過日本著名兒童文學家所創作的《赤鳥》雜誌中的童話故事，從出場人物的詞條出現傾向勾勒出更具實體的日本昔話詞彙的輪廓。截至目前為止觀察到下列3點特徵。i.與日本有關之「宇喜田直家」、「歷史文化人物」詞彙的出現是有意義的，看不到像「弗蘭克林夫人」等外國人名。ii.「1.2030神佛．精靈」之神佛精靈相關詞彙，比起童話來的豐富，看不到「維納斯女神」、「救世主」等西方概念的角色。佐以說明了此詞群為代表昔話詞彙之特徵詞群。iii.有關「人物」、「專門．技術職業」、「社會階層」等詞彙裏，看不到童話裡經常可看到的「冒險家」、「賢者」等具有西方或現代概念的人物性格詞彙。整體而言，昔話故事中所提到的或流露出的文化色彩較偏向過去日本庶民的生活樣態，而童話則較具有世界觀，時代背景也較接近現代。

This study accessed fairy tales published by well-known Japanese authors of children's literature in the landmark magazine “Akai Tori＂(”赤鳥”). The lexical items used for the descriptions of figures tend to sketch the specificities of Japanese vocabulary in Japanese folktales, which is distinctive from that in Japanese fairy tales. After gathering data from 188 articles and a total of around three thousand words, the following characteristics were found. i. There were many names of historical Japanese characters, the most of which were famous during the time, in folktales; but there were some names of foreigners, which appeared regularly in common fairy tales. ii. The main feature of folktales is that the vocabulary related to spirit of God and Buddha was broadly used, compared to that used in common fairy tales. Additionally, vocabulary associated with non-Japanese God and Buddha vocabulary was rarely seen in folktales. iii. The words, which were correlated to the figures, professions, technical careers, races, social classes, military affairs n folktales showed seldom western or modern concepts that were commonly found in fairy tales. Taken together, the cultural background shown in the folktales tends to exhibit the early lifestyle of Japanese civilians. In contrast, fairy tales include more worldwide concepts and relatively modern background.