村落之「由緒」的形成與山伏

Formation of a Village's origin and Yamabushi

日本的近世被認為是「由緒」（由緒：事物的起源與脈絡發展）的時代。而最具有指標性的是構成村落等區域社會基礎，所散布在各地集團的緣起與脈絡。過往的研究強調，村落的「由緒」之所以能發展的主要原因，其實是源自於村落內部解決問題時，彼此共同擁有了直接且緊密關聯的課題。針對這個觀點本研究雖無不同看法，但關於村落「由緒」的構成基礎，是來自於前述所謂直接性的原因，以及涵蓋諸多社會集團的想法及意圖所衍生而出的。而針對這樣具備一般性或持續性的原因也有探討的必要。作為具體的例子，本研究將探討某位「山伏」（山伏：日本特有宗教－－修驗道的修行者），他為了所持有的佛像而創造出某村落的「由緒」架構，透過市區所舉行的秘佛開帳儀式，間接地促使該村落的發展脈絡增加了新的紋理。探討對象為石川縣金澤市住吉町（原加賀國石川郡富樫之鄉）所流傳之「由緒書」。

Modern era can be deemed as a period which puts emphasis on “the origins”, the origins of the groups playing the fundamental role of a certain regional community, like a village. Previous literature points out that, urgent reasons such as attempting to solve problems in villages turn out to be the main factors of the formation of a village's origin. This research also agrees this argumentation with no dissent, but proposes that apart from direct and immediate causes, casual and continuing causes, for instance, mutual interaction considering other residents’ thoughts and constant involvement of various social groups, are also essential and worth to discuss regarding a village's origin. This research is going to focus on discussing a particular example passed down by the book recording its history at Sumiyoshi town (the former Togashi Village in Ishigawa District, Kaga no Kuni) in Kanazawa City, Ishigawa County. In concrete, a Yamabushi (an itinerary Buddhist monk) exhibited his private statues of Buddha to the neighborhood in public, and it turned out to be a new historic story of the village's origin.