以認知為基礎的日語詞典多義詞的釋義排序──以花為例

A Cognitive-Based Semantic Network for Polysemy Applied in Japanese Dictionary: Flower as a Case Study

詞典多義詞的義項排序有按語源者、有按使用率者，易有按作者個人主觀判斷者莫衷一是，常常困擾著學習者。本文主要站在認知語言學觀點，透過日、漢語的《花》這一語詞為例，嘗試以核心義為出發點，透過隱喻、換喻、提喻的三大比喻手法，改變日、漢語現行詞典以語源或使用率為義項排序的方式，彰顯多義詞的合理性與系統性，以達到更容易理解多義詞引申的途徑，使釋項與釋項之間脈絡可循，形成一語意網路（network）。

It is usually difficult to decide an appropriate order when describing polysemies in dictionary since it may be influenced by etymology, usage frequency or even the subjectivity of editors. Language learners are confused about how to learn those meanings. This paper aims to develop a cognitive-based semantic network for polysemies which can be applied in Japanese-Chinese dictionaries. We adopt prototype theory as core theory and consider semantic extension via metaphorical and metonymic links. Base on this approach, we indicate a semantic network for each polysemy. In this paper, the semantic network of flower (HANA in Japanese and HUA in Mandarin) is presented as a case study.