關於「tsureru」的文法化──從動詞到複合助詞

Grammaticalization of the verb 'tsureru' in Japanese

本研究從共時的觀點考察動詞「tsureru」，複合助詞「nitsurete」之特徵，試以記述「tsureru」的文法化過程。考察的結果，「tsureru」原為表動作主及動作對象之空間關係的動詞，於轉為表事態關係之形式中，不僅可表事物之空間關係，亦獲得表事態間時間關係的機能。在此階段，動詞「tsureru」之部分語意尚存，「nitsurete」表被動相關進行之意。而後文法化持續進行，其前面必為名詞之使用限制消失，「nitsurete」變得可使用於更廣的文脈,複合助詞之特徵亦愈加顯著,進而變為表偶發相關進行之意。

The purpose of this paper is to describe the feature of the grammaticalization of 'tsureru'. The following was clarified in this paper. First, 'tsureru' shows a spatial relation between the agent and the object, and it came to acquire the function to show a time relation by diverting it to the expression that showed the relation of the two events. Moreover, meaning feature of 'tsureru' still remains at this stage, and 'nitsurete' shows passive correlation. And, when the grammaticalization advanced further, 'nitsurete' came to show the meaning of correlation happened by accident.