日語中的目的構句

Purposive Structure in Japanese

本文就日語的目的構句「～に行く」加以探討，特別是助詞「に」的句法功能再次檢驗。文中就宮川繁（1987）所提之主張，即目的構句基於主要動詞與動詞組中的動詞是否有鄰接關係來決定可否重新建構加以探討，發現由附加語條件可以合理解釋宮川所謂重新建構非義務操作之見解實乃取決於目的詞組位於補足語或附加語的位置。而目的構句的形成則是功能範疇「に」與主動詞「行く」的嚴密次類畫分所決定。有別於以名詞組為補語的助詞「に」，本文提出「に」在目的構句中的功能為輕名詞。

This paper is concerned with the Purposive structure in Japanese, which is comprised of ‘VP-ni iku’(go for…), especially with the function of particle ‘ni’. After reviewing Miyagawa's (1987) analysis, I argue that the structure ‘VP-ni iku’ is a matter of functional head; i.e., light noun ni's selection rather than restructuring with the support of Adjunct Condition. Unlike conventional usage of ‘ni’ ,which assigns case to NP, the one in purposive structure takes VP complement. With respect to extractability, it is argued under Adjunct Condition that the NP under the embedded VP can be extracted if the VP is at the complement position of matrix verb ‘iku’ .