論〈佛法僧〉

A Study on “Bupposo”

上田秋成的短篇小說集《雨月物語》分為五卷五冊九篇，其中的第五篇〈佛法僧〉和首篇〈白峰〉以及最終篇〈貧福論〉，與其他六篇頗異其趣，除了怪異的情節之外，穿插極富知識性的論辯。就中又以〈佛法僧〉所包含的知識性最為豐富。本論文重點在於探討秋成在〈佛法僧〉中的創作意圖、創作手法以及作品的主題，試圖提出新的觀點。就篇名而言，秋成本人曾經前往高野山參拜，途中聽到三寶鳥（仏法僧鳥）的叫聲，留下深刻的印象，顯然成為他撰寫本篇的原動力。在靈怪現身的設定上，筆者認為秋成打破常見的因果關係設定手法，讓讀者留下強烈的印象，試圖提高表現效果。至於〈佛法僧〉特有的知識性內容，筆者認為和怪異性並不衝突，反而成為本篇的一大特色。在典據方面，筆者透過內容的比對，認定〈永州野廟記〉和〈小水灣天狐遺貽書〉也是本篇典據之一。在結語中，本人認為〈佛法僧〉的主題在於強調：對活在現世的每個人而言，善惡存在於一念之間，禍裡有福，福裡有禍，有時未必能完全倚靠宗教的力量，最佳之道還是自力修行。

Ugetsu Monogatari, a short novel selection of Ueda Akinari, is divided into five volumes, five books and nine stories; among them, the fifth story “Bupposo,” the first one “Shiramine” and the last one “Hinpukuron” are much different from the others, woven with weird plot and knowledgeable debates, which are especially abundant in “Bupposo.” This dissertation emphasizes on discussing Akinari's motivations, techniques and themes of creating “Bupposo.” The story title comes from Akinari's personal experience of once hearing the Bupposo bird's calling on his way to Mt. Koya, which left him a deep impression, is obviously the motive power of writing this story. In the setting of ghosts appearing, Akinari abandons the common techniques of cause and effect, trying to leave deeper impressions on the readers and aspirate the effects. The specific knowledgeable content in “Bupposo” is also quite matched with the weirdness of the story, and becomes a great characteristic of this story. Besides, by comparing and contrasting, I regard “Yon-Zhou- Ye-Miao-Ji” as one of the origins of this story. In the conclusion, I consider the theme of “Bupposo” emphasize the fact that: for everyone in this modern age, the best way is to be independent, not relying on religious powers.