「ナル」的多重語義結構

A Study of the Polysemic Structure of Naru

過去針對日語「ナル」的用法常被定位為表變化的動詞，且探討的重點大都偏向「ナル」和結果狀態間的句法結構特徵。「ナル」除了表變化的概念外，還有其他多種用法，這一點在過去的研究常被忽略。本論文依下列順序，分析「ナル」的多重語義結構。（1）依「ナル」所要求的結果補語及語彙概念結構（LCS）進行「ナル」的語義分析，確認了「ナル」具有基本語義（第1義）外，另具有3種衍生義（第2義～第4義），進而探討衍生義的產生原理。（2）分析虛詞化，亦即轉換為表對人敘述態度的「Nニ／トナル」及具有子句接續功能的「Nニ／トナルト」的句法結構及語義特徵。（3）探討「ナル」各種非變化用法成立的特徵及相互之間的連續性。另外針對「ナル」的慣用句嘗試從認知語言學的觀點詳加以分類及討論。

This paper aims to describe the semantic structure of “naru”. Naru is a kind of change-of-state verb, and its point of view lies at the goal (or result) of the change-of-state. In this paper I focus on the polysemic aspect of naru, and analyze how the meaning is extended from the basical meaning to metaphorical meaning. The main points discussed include: (1) Naru has one basic meaning and three extended meanings. (2) Besides lexical meaning, naru also has grammatical meanings for modality use. (3) The propeties of situations which allow the metaphorical extension of the meaning of naru. In addition, this paper attempts to clarify the unique characteristics of idioms which contain “(noun) ni / to naru” pattern from the viewpoints of cognitive semantics.