從教育基本法修改議論的歷史發展來看戰後日本教育改革的變化

Examining the Changes in Post-war Educational Reform in Japan—From a Historical view of the controversy on the revision of “The Fundamental Law of Education”

日本21世紀的教育理念和教育方針隨著「教育基本法」的修改將會有什麼樣的變化呢？又將會給日本社會帶來什麼樣的影響呢？本文首先對「教育基本法」的歷史意義和特徵做一探討、以釐清「教育基本法」的真正精神所在。同時、對照修改教育基本法議論的是與非、以明白日本戰後教育改革的變化。

It is widely recognized that the education system in Japan since World War II has undergone dramatic changes. As a reaction to the “Imperial Rescript on Education” advocated in the pre-war period, post-war educational reform has included an overall rejection of the kind of ideologies reflected in Militarism and Nationalism, and a further confirmation that new educational concepts such as the ones found in Pacifism and Democracy are to be adapted. While as of now, such reform has been put through for longer than half of a century. Japanese government starts to revisit and examine the outcome of the reform, and amid the reexamination, issues concerning the revision of “The Fundamental Law of Education” are vehemently brought up again. What changes in educational concepts and principles would this revision of “The Fundamental Law of Education” bring for the 21st century Japan? What impact would it make on the Japanese society? This article first attempts to pinpoint the spirits behind “The Fundamental Law of Education” so as to examine its historical meaning and significance. Controversy on the revision is also cross-referenced in order to explicate the changes in post-war educational reform in Japan.