〈源氏退居須磨記〉對中國史書及文學的受容

A Study of the Tale of Genji`s Exile at Suma–the Influence of Chinese Historical Works and Literature

《源氏物語》雖然是以描寫主人源氏公子之私生活為主的物語，但因源氏公子是桐壺帝最寵愛的皇子，又是朱雀帝的弟弟，亦是當朝的攝政大臣，身分特殊，縱然只是描述其私生活，亦難免會有政治投影。當中尤其是〈退居須磨記〉的這一斷更是不折不扣的政爭物語，堪稱源氏政治生涯中最富起伏變化的一段。作者本為一精通中日文學的文學家，在描寫該段物語之際，更是充分展現其豐富的才學，大量爭引先行典故，除一些原為當代讀者所熟知的日本的先例及和歌外，更擷取不少中國的相關典故及詩詞，使得該段故事洋溢著濃郁的中國氣息。本文作為探討《源氏物語》與中國文學、文化關連之一環，特別聚焦於〈退居須磨記〉，首先考察作者攝取了哪些中國的史書、文學，並探討其何以及如何融入這些典故及詩詞，並因此收到何種效果。

The focus of Genji Monogatari is the private life of Genji, but Genji happens to be the favorite son of Emperor Kiritsubo, the younger brother of Emperor Sujyaku, and the minister regent of the Court. Being such a leading personage, even his private life is closely linked with politics. Actually, the Tale of Genji's Exile at Suma is an out-and-out story of political struggles. Lady Murasaki Shikibu, the writer of the book, has a good command of Chinese and Japanese literatures. Besides Japanese allusions and waka (Japanese poem), she quotes a lot from Chinese poems and literary works. In this paper, we try to investigate how many Chinese historical and literary works and allusions the authoress takes in, how she mixes them together with her novel, and what results she achieves.