貞女再嫁的引用創造──大和物語初段的虛構方法

The creative method of allusion on the remarrid virtuous woman~The method of fiction on the 1st chapter in ＂Yamato-Monogatari＂~

由一百七十三章的短篇物語組構而成的『大和物語』，在日本古典文學的領域中，是屬於平安王朝物語的文學，此物語的第一段也就是所謂的初段，係由第五十九代之宇多天皇與他的「召人」（＝愛人，當時伊勢擔任皇后的仕女）伊勢這位女性歌人與天皇之間的吟詠對唱所構成。在這篇物語中可以得知，伊勢感嘆地詠唱出與宇多天皇離別之和歌後，宇多天皇則是以詠唱出要求伊勢繼續擔任宮廷中仕女的和歌，來回應她。但是宇多天皇的要求，並非只是單純的要伊勢恢復宮廷的職位，而是要求伊勢以宇多天皇的親生兒子，即第六十代之醍醐天皇的「召人」（＝愛人）身分再度出仕。以上的物語不禁讓人連想到（換言之），漢代「王昭君」的人生也是充滿悲劇。她那悲劇性經驗的過程，在『漢書』的「匈奴傳」中，記載的特別詳細。傳中的史事，曾提及「王昭君」雖然下嫁給匈奴王，但是在匈奴王死後，則又不得不再度下嫁於她的親生兒子。因此由上述可知，我們可以將王昭君的悲劇，當作前述的伊勢之物語的暗示引用。而我們必須要知道的是，雖然形成兩者的話題是著眼於「貞女再嫁」，但是因為史實上，伊勢並沒有成為醍醐天皇的「召人」（＝愛人），所以，事實上『大和物語』的初段是虛構而成的。也就是說，本稿是在理解大和物語初段及從結果來看，伊勢最後並沒有「再嫁」之事實為前提，來解讀「貞女在嫁」這話題中伊勢的悲劇，並且論述『大和物語』的虛構方法，以及以暗示引用作為依據的創造方式。

“Yamato-Monogatari” belongs to a narratives of Japanese classics in the Heian period. This text consists of little stories, 173 chapters. The 1st chapter in “Yamato-Monogatari” is a story of the abdicated 59th Emperor Uda and Ise, Ise was a poetess and a private servant of Uda's Empress and Uda's sweetheart. I interpreted the story as Ise's poem for reluctant to part from Uda and Uda's poem for request to her re-employment in Heian Court, but really, his request was a change of his son's sweetheart, his son who became new Emperor, the 60th Emperor Daigo. By the way, the life of ”Wang Zhao-jun” in the Han dynasty was full of tragedy. Especially, her tragedy of “the story of Xiong-nu” in “Han-shu” was lost her husband who was King of Xiong-nu, and remarried his son who became new King of Xiong-nu. Now, I regard the 1st chapter in “Yamato-Monogatari” as the allusion of the tragedy of “Wang Zhao-jun”. I regard these stories as a tale-type of “the remarried virtuous woman”. But really, Ise didn’t change of Daigo's sweetheart in the historical fact. So that, the 1st chapter in “Yamato-Monogatari” is afiction. In brief, its narrative made from the creative method of allusion and the method of fiction.