外來語混種詞之和語‧漢語成分──翻譯混種詞與和製混種詞之比較研究

The Word Formation of Gailaigo Hybrids: Comparative Analysis of Wago and Kango Constituents

日語詞彙主要可分為三類：「和語」（日語固有詞彙）、「漢語」（源於中國的詞彙）、「外來語」（近現代音譯外語的詞彙）。本文主要探討：在翻譯詞階段以及造詞階段上，與外來語成分複合成混種詞的和語‧漢語成分，其構詞之意同。本文首先論述含有外來語成份的混種詞分成翻譯混種詞及和製混種詞的必要性。爾後，有關在翻譯混種詞及和製混種詞上均表現出很強的造詞能力的漢語成分，透過實例考察，探討其再翻一詞階段及造詞階段上的構詞方面的異同。而有關和語成分的造詞特性，經本論文的考察，了解到其在翻譯混種詞的造詞能力相當薄弱，但在和製混種詞上則發揮某種程度的造詞功能另外，從與外來語成分的結合形態來看，漢語成分其複合詞根之結合力要比單一詞根強得多；和語成分則是單一詞根之結合力比複合詞根強。從這點來看，若說一單位的外來語成分的構詞機能相當於一單位的漢語成分的構詞機能，則可推斷一單位外來語成分的構詞機能與一單位的和評成分相當最後，混種詞；其表示類名的後項成分，在翻譯詞以及造詞的階段上亦有差異：翻譯混種詞的後項類名要素，幾乎是漢語成分；和製混種詞則是除了漢語成分之外，也有不少和語以及外來語的單一詞根。

Japanese lexicon is comprised of three major categories: Wago (native Japanese 和語 ), Kango (Sino-Japanese 漢語 ), and Gailaigo (loanwords 外來語 ). This paper examines how Wago and Kango constituents play different roles in loan translation and coinage as far as the formation of Gailaigo hybrid is concerned. My research shows that first, while Kango constituents demonstrate strong capacity for compounding with Gailaigo in both loan translation and coinage, Wago constituents function mainly in the latter. Second, when compounded with one unit of Gailaigo, Kango and Wago also show different patterns. A complex base of Kango constituents generally exhibits higher compounding capacity or tendency than when it is a single base, while the Wago constituents do the opposite. This suggests that if one unit of Gailaigo constituent equals two units of Kango constituents (as many others have asserted), then we may also assume that one unit of Gailaigo constituent is equivalent to one unit of Wago constituent. Last but not the least, for the Gailaigo hybrid representing nominal classification, if it is compounded by the rule of loan translation, the last element of the hybrid tends to be a Kango constituent, but no such tendency is found if it is a case of coinage.