戀的男人‧渴望被愛的男人──「私小說」戀愛觀的問題點

Koi man‧A man`s desire to be loved–'A private life novel' the question point of love concepts

所謂「戀」這詞是日本古代的字眼，到了近世時期有了變化與區別，它成為了跟妓女娼婦之間的戀愛，而到了明治大正時期卻又成了「靈肉」分裂二元化的精神式戀愛。日本近代的戀愛觀其理想與現實受容之間有明顯的認知落差存在。本論文首先區隔日文的「戀愛」（renai）跟「戀」（koi）二字的定義。以近代化過程中「戀愛」的形成作基本背景出鋪陳，探討明治時期的「戀愛至上主義」——硯友社周邊與北村透谷的戀愛觀；以及大正時期的浪漫戀愛——《青鞜》的女性解放運動與厨川白村《近代的戀愛觀》。同時，進而驗證同時代背景之下，文人們將相關「戀愛」思想帶進「私小說」作品裡的諸般面貌。一探在田山花袋《蒲團》（1907）與岩野泡鳴《耽溺》（1909）兩部「私小說」作品的戀愛觀中，與「妻子」、時髦受教育的「新女性」、「娼妓」（藝妓）等不同身份的女性，在戀愛感情上有否可能產生共鳴與人格平等的結合？釐清「戀的男人」與「渴望被愛的男人」的問題點。

“Koi” this word is an ancient word that comes from Japan, but it has changed and has more clear definition when comes to the more recent ages. It has become the love only between a prostitute and slut, but when it came to the Meiji period of time, it had become the spiritual kind of love with two separated words “spirit meat”. The ideal and reality of the love concept during Japanese recent ages has a very different acknowledged existence. This essay's intention is first to find out the definition of “renai” and “koi”. To use the recent ages love process as the forming foundational background to probe into the love concepts of the Kenyuusya associates and Kitamuratoukoku – “love comes first” concept from the Meiji time, and the females liberated with the “recent love concept” of Kuriyagawahakuson – the romantic love, “Seitou” from the Taisyou time. At the same time to prove the people from the same generational background, scholars put the relevant thought of “renai” into all type of faces in “private novel”. To probe into the love concepts of two “private novels” - the “Blanket” of Tayamakadai (1997) and “Indulgance” of Iwanohoumei (1909), to find out if there are any resonances and the combinations of moral integrity that are equal in between the love concept of “wife”, the “new female” who is modern and educated and “prostitute” (slut)? To clarify the questioned points of “koi man” and “a man desired to be loved”.