日本麻醉醫學先驅華岡青洲的文藝

The Literary Legacy of Hanaoka Seishū, Japanese Pioneer in Anesthesia

華岡青洲（1760－1835）在醫學史上最重要的貢獻莫過於一八○四年十月十三日以其發明之經口全身麻醉藥完成乳癌摘除手術。也因為如此，學者多聚焦於研究華岡青洲的醫學成就，故本文擬從文學角度出發，透過《華岡青洲先生詩集》，探討其詩風轉變的軌跡，同時考察其人際交流網，藉此掌握華岡青洲之個人史。華岡青洲雖不以詩文鳴世，但因時常與當時的狂狷之士、僧侶進行風雅的交流，創作了不少遁俗之作，詩中不同身分之人的審美趣味在地方紀州與京都間彼此交涉、影響，呈現出「化政文化」時期（1804－1829）文藝爛熟的現象與獨樹一格的文人精神。縱使華岡青洲的詩作未能進入詩評家視野，但在勾勒江戶後期漢詩發展與文化縫隙時，仍為不容遺忘的一頁。

Hanaoka Seishū (1760-1835) was born in Meishu, Kaminakacho, Kishū (now Hirayama Village, Nachi District, Wakayama Prefecture). His most significant contribution to the history of medicine is that he successfully performed general anesthesia by using his own oral formula “tsūsensan” in a mastectomy on October 13, 1804. The existing research on Hanaoka Seishū therefore focuses on his medical practice and achievement. This paper, however, takes a literary perspective to study Hanaoka Seishū. Through “The Collection of Hanaoka Seishū's Poetry” in Hanaoka Seishū and His Surgery (Hanaoka Seishū Sensei Oyobi Sono Geka) compiled by Kure Shūzō (1865-1932), my research explores how his poems drew inspiration from Chinese poetry. The inspiration has been embodied in a transition of his poems from classicism to individualism and his breakaway from the level of imitation to Japanized Han poetry. This article, furthermore, delves into Hanaoka's interpersonal networks so as to gain a better understanding of his personal history and explain the significance of a typical cultural lifestyle that Hanaoka has revealed in his poetry. Lastly, this research investigates the relationship between the development of Han poetry and the development of medical thoughts in the Edo era.