論中村惕齋《筆記詩集傳》對朱熹的繼承與發展──以「興」體詩為中心

The Succession and Development of Zhu Xi in Nakamura Tekisai's Notes of The Poetry with Collected Commentaries: Centered on the “Implied-Comparison” Style Poems

本文主要探討的是江戶時代朱子學者中村惕齋如何闡釋《詩經》「興」體詩，藉此了解他繼承與發展朱熹《詩集傳》的特點。中村惕齋特別關注「詩人之興」，將「興」體詩分為「取義」和「不取義」兩類。他對「取義之興」的闡釋特點，首先是從體用論和工夫論的觀點，說明其中的含意；其次則是重視以禮解《詩》，並且也藉禮修正或說明朱熹解釋不足之處。此外，他還注意到漢唐注疏與朱熹《詩集傳》之間的關係，並藉由前者的觀點修正朱熹的意見。至於中村惕齋對「無取義之興」的界定，有兩種條件：一方面他重視叶韻，這是受到明代《詩經》著作的影響，另一方面他也並未完全忽視虛詞助字的相應，接受元代朱公遷的意見。

This study mainly explores how Nakamura Tekisai, a Zhu Xi scholar in the Edo era, interprets the “implied-comparison” style poems from the Classic of Poetry. It intends to understand the characteristics of Nakamura's succession and development of Zhu Xi's The Poetry with Collected Commentaries. Nakamura Tekisai particularly concerns about “the poet's implied comparison” and classifies the “implied-comparison” style poems into “with meaning” and “without meaning.” His interpretation of “implied comparison with meaning” has several characteristics. To begin with, Nakamura elaborates the implication from the perspective of “the theory of substance and function” and “the theory of selfcultivation.” Second, he advocates interpreting the Poerty by rites and by doing it modifies or compensates for the shortcomings of Zhu Xi's explanation. In addition, he notices the relationship between Han Tang Commentaries and Zhu Xi's The Poetry with Collected Commentaries and modifies the latter from the perspective of the former. As for Nakamura Tekisai's definition of “implied comparison without meaning,” there are two conditions. For one, his emphasis on rhymes has been influenced by the works on the Classic of Poetry in the Ming Dynasty. For another, he does not totally neglect the correspondence of the function and auxiliary words and accepts the opinion of Zhu Gongqian of the Yuan dynasty.