鄉誼與協力：回應帝國日本的同化教育──長見義三的樺太小說〈和人教我的事〉

Hometowners' Friendship and Cooperation: Responses to the Japanese Assimilation Program in Osami Gizou's Karafuto Ainu Novel “What the Japanese Taught Me”

戰前愛努取材文學的討論在日本殖民地主義文學的檢討中極具邊緣性。本文聚焦於長見義三唯一的樺太愛努小說〈和人教我的事〉，就小說如何回應日本的愛努同化教育，究明小說的時代意涵，透析長見愛努文學的本質，並探究日本帝國文學的多義性。結果顯示，作者乃藉由聚焦於日愛混種主角的死，主張是東亞近代國家的利己主義、日本教育、孕育日愛親密關係的空間、對俄敵對意識的形成，造成主角對俄人「起義」及自殺之結果，藉此彰顯日本同化教育的成功，並控訴日本對愛努的壓迫。小說雖關注殖民地社會，具人道精神，卻也忽略愛努「成為日本人」的背景的有機性，致使小說於立論上流於封閉之局，未能超越民族主義之框架，也無法與國策協力的立場全然脫鉤。

Discussions on the Ainu have been extremely marginalized in analyses of prewar Japanese colonial literature. This paper thus on Osami Gizou's only Karafuto Ainu novel “What the Japanese Taught Me,” especially on how the novel responds to Japan's education program for assimilating the Ainu. It attempts to shed light on the historical significance of the novel, analyze the nature of Ainu literature, and explore the equivocality of Japanese colonial literature. This research concludes that Osami imputes the death of the mixed JapaneseAinu protagonist to several reasons. It includes the egoism of the modern East Asian countries, Japanese education, space for allowing the Japanese and the Ainu to develop intimacy, and the formation of hostility to Russia. All of these reasons result in the protagonist's “revolt” against Russia and suicide. Osami by focusing on the protagonist's tragedy intends to manifest the success of the Japanese assimilation program and accuse Japan of oppressing the Ainu. The novel is concerned about the colonial society and full of humanitarianism. It, however, takes it for granted that the Ainu wanted to “become Japanese.” Such conservative argument leads the piece of work to fail to transcend the framework of nationalism or stay away from its cooperation with national policy.