傳統聚落防禦性空間文獻綜述

A Literature Review of the Traditional Settlement Defensive Space

近年傳統聚落成為研究人與自然和諧共生的熱點，防禦性傳統聚落的封閉性相較于一般傳統聚落更能體現人與自然的緊密關係。防禦性空間雖累積了豐碩的成果，而未形成理論體系。本文以系統性文獻回顧結合專家訪談為研究方法。整理、歸納傳統聚落防禦性空間文獻的研究現況及相關領域、相關理論、內容分類及研究方法，這為聚落保存與活化提供理論借鑒。經過篩選共收納419篇文獻進行交叉監視后，得出以下四點結論：1.研究現況及相關領域方面，隨著時代發展，傳統聚落防禦性空間文獻研究自21世紀后呈現上升趨勢。其研究領域包含防禦性理論、空間類型、學科領域及防禦類型四方面。2.理論方面，當前國內防禦性理論一方面處於對西方理論探索階段，另一方面本土文化理論概述尚未形成統一，建議西方理論與國內案例結合，提取本土文化的優點，构建理論體系。3.內容分類方面，文獻探討結合專家訪談，防禦性空間分為精神防禦、實體防禦、技術性防禦三大類，包含風水理念、地形地貌、意象等十三個關鍵因素，形成防禦目標、防禦空間佈局、防禦行為的系統。4.研究方法方面，文獻以個案研究、訪談法等質性研究方法為主，測量、空間語構分析等綜合量化與質性的研究方法為輔助。 Recently, traditional settlements have become a hotspot in human-nature harmonious coexistence researches. The closure of defensive traditional settlements reflects close human-nature relationships better than average traditional settlements. Although fruitful achievements have been accumulated on defense space, there is no established theoretical system. Systematic literature review and expert interview were used in the research. The current situations concerning traditional settlement defensive space researches as well as related fields, theories, content classification and research methods were collected, organized, summarized and analyzed to provide theoretical references for the preservation and activation of the settlements. A total of 419 screened documents were enrolled for cross-surveillance, reaching the following four conclusions. 1. With the era development, the research on traditional settlement defensive space has shown a rising trend since the 21st century. The researches involve four fields--defensive theories, space types, disciplinary areas and defense types. 2. The domestic defensive theories are under the stage of exploring Western theories. However, local cultures-based theories have not been uniformly summarized. Western theories and domestic cases should be integrated to extract advantages of local cultures and to form a theoretical system. 3. Defensive spaces, which involve 13 key factors (incl. Feng Shui philosophy, landform, image, etc.), are divided in spiritual defense, entity defense and technical defense, and that a system integrating defending objective, defensive space layout and defensive behavior has been formed. 4. Qualitative methods (case study and interview) are the main methods used in the literatures, while measurement, Space Syntax and other quantitative and qualitative methods play an auxiliary role.