台灣常見草坪植物耐寒性之研究

The Study on Chilling Tolerance of the Common Used Turf Grasses in Taiwan

本試驗以台灣常見暖季草種為材料，分為夏季及冬季兩次，將各草種置於人工氣候室低溫（15／13℃）的環境下，模擬寒害的環境，調查其生長狀況。調查項目包括植株主莖長度、葉數、節間長度等，進一步比較各草種低溫之生長量，以做為評估暖季草種耐寒性之依據。兩次試驗皆顯示各草種在低溫下，主莖長度、葉數及節間長度皆明顯較對照組（30／25℃）處理為低，表示草坪植物的生長發育易受低溫抑制。在夏季試驗中，以日本芝草在低溫下相對主莖長度最高，其次為Pensacola百喜草、類地毯草和假儉草相近，以地毯草最低。在冬季試驗中，相對主莖長度以Pensacola百喜草最高，其次為日本芝草、改良型百慕達草‘Sahara’、假儉草、普通百慕達草和類地毯草相近，最低為地毯草。兩次試驗結果雖然有些出入，但大致的趨勢仍然一致，即在暖季草種中，以Pensacola百喜草和日本芝草耐寒性較佳，其它草種耐寒性雖相近但仍有差異存在，兩次試驗皆顯示地毯草耐寒性最差。依據本試驗研究結果顯示，冬季低溫的氣候以選植日本芝草、Pensacola百喜草之草坪品質較其它草種佳，而地毯草耐寒性在暖季草種中最差，低溫將嚴重地抑制地毯草的生長發育，而較不適宜於冬季種植。 The research is to investigate the chilling tolerance of turf grasses that were common used in Taiwan. The growth behaviors of the grasses were surveyed twice, that were in summer and in winter, at low temperature (15/13 ℃) and high temperature (30/25 ℃) in the phytotron of National Taiwan University. In summer experiment, Zoysia grass has the best chilling tolerance, followed by ‘A33’ Pensacola Bahia grass, Carpet grass and Centipede grass, and tropical Carpet grass has the worst chilling tolerance. In winter experiment, ‘A33’ Pensacola Bahia grass has the best chilling tolerance grass, followed by Zoysia grass, ‘Sahara’ Bermuda grass, Centipede grass, common Bermuda grass and Carpet grass are close in chilling tolerance, and tropical Carpet grass has the worst chilling tolerance. The results depict that in winter Zoysia grass and ‘A33’ Pensacola Bahia grass are superior to other turf grasses and tropical Carpet grass is not suited for winter cultivation, for it will severely suppressed by low temperature.