溫度與栽培地區對‘埔里貴妃’文心蘭生育和碳水化合物含量之影響

Effect of Temperature and Growing Location on Growth and Carbohydrate Content of Oncidium ‘Puli Grifith’

文心蘭‘埔里貴妃’是台灣育出的盆花品種，將組培出瓶後11個月具二代母株且新芽長3～5 cm植株，移入人工氣候室日／夜溫30／25℃、25／20℃、20／15℃、台北環控溫室及海拔高度500 m埔里山區栽培，經163天此新芽發育成當代假球莖且其旁營養芽抽出時取樣分析其乾鮮重、含水量，並測其各部位之碳水化合物含量。又取出瓶16個月具2母株及再經一世代即出瓶22個月具3個母株，二者之當代假球莖已成熟並抽出花梗長3～5 cm時，置入人工氣候室不同日／夜溫，探討其對花序發育之影響。結果顯示涼溫（25／20℃和20／15℃）所結的當代假球莖鮮重、乾重是高溫（30／25℃）的2倍，所含的碳水化合物也約增加2倍，含水量也較多；生長於埔里具二母株的植株，其成熟假球莖抽梗達70%，而在台北環控溫室（18-28℃）下祇有4%抽梗開花。觀生長於埔里者其地上部鮮重55.4 g／株，是台北環控下生育39.8 g／株的139%，然全株所含之碳水化合物是後者的228%，主要積貯於當代假球莖和母株，故認為開花與假球莖的充實和碳水化合物含量相關密切。假球莖內之碳水化合物，主要以果糖和葡萄糖為主，蔗糖及澱粉的含量較少，但埔里生長的植株，其母球含大量的澱粉，可能是提早開花的原因。當花序3～5 cm後，移置30／25及25／20℃約57天開花，低溫（20／15℃）者延遲約40天，但可增加分枝及花朵數，並延長花序壽命。在25／20℃發育者，具2母球之花序開27朵小花，花序壽命44天；而具3母球者開65朵，花序壽命53天，花朵數倍增主因花序分枝數倍增之故。由本研究可知‘埔里貴妃’，適合在海拔500 m左右山區栽培，於出瓶16個月具有二母球及當代假球莖成熟即能抽出具商業價值的花序，多增加一世代，具三母球時抽出花序品質更佳。 The growth and carbohydrate content of Oncidium ‘Puli Grifith’ with 2 back shoots and new bud 3~5 cm in length, 11 months after deflask, were studied as influenced by various day/night temperature at phytotron and growing locations. The results showed that cool temperature (25/20℃ and 20/15℃) increased fresh weight, dry weight and carbohydrate content of current pseudobulb twice as compared with high temperature (30/25℃). Plants grown in Puli (500 m altitude in central part of Taiwan) had higher fresh weight (139%) and carbohydrate content (228%) in tops than plants grown in Taipei greenhouse. The higher carbohydrate content in current and back shoot pseudobulbs grown in Puli would be caused high flowering percent (70%) compared with plants grown in Taipei (4%). Fructose and glucose are the major content; sucrose and starch are low in current pseudobulbs. However, plant grown in Puli accumulates high concentration of starch in back shoots. Plant with 2 or 3 back shoots and matured current pseudobulb with inflorescence 3~5 in length moved to phytotron at various day/night temperature. The inflorescence development took 57 days to first floret open in high temperature (30/25℃ and 25/20℃), However, low temperature (20/15℃) delayed 40 days for first floret open. At 25/20℃, plants with 2 or 3 back shoots have 27 or 65 florets, and 44 or 53 days longevity of inflorescence, respectively. The results showed that Oncidium Puli Grifith suitable grown in Puli at 500 m altitude. The plants deflask for 16 month have commercial value for potted flowering plant for exporting to foreign country. If plants grown for further growth cycle to get 3 back shoots with mature current pseudobulbs, the flowering quality will increase tremendously