季節、果齡、後熟及貯藏對茄子種子發芽之影響

Effect of Season, Fruit Age, Ripening and Storage on the Seed Germination of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.)

‘麻薯長茄’果實以水洗法自果肉取出種子，35℃乾燥後發芽情形最佳。四種果形茄子不同成熟天數於春及秋作採收，於25／30℃種子發芽率皆顯著較25℃佳，春作與秋作間種子發芽率無顯著差異。於25℃下50天成熟中長形果實以‘粉紅佳人’於秋作發芽顯著高於春作，‘豐美’則相反，其他品種於二作間差異不顯著。60天成熟果實種子於部分茄子品種於春秋作間發芽率差異不顯著，以‘麻薯長茄’及‘昭君’種子發芽率以春作者較秋作者顯著高，‘新娘’及‘仁美’則相反。後熟處理顯著提高‘新娘’、‘豐美’及‘麻薯長茄’種子發芽。於秋作‘昭君’成熟果實後熟處理提高發芽率，於春作其種子發芽不受後熟影響。種子於秋作貯藏四個月或於春作貯藏一個月顯著提高種子發芽率。‘豐美’密度愈大種子重量愈重，未後熟果實種子較後熟種子輕，種子內所含澱粉較少醣類較多。後熟種子於25℃下或25／30℃下之導電度於一天後迅速增加，顯著高於未後熟種子。 The seeds extracted from matured ‘Extra Long’ fruit dried at 35℃ had good germination. The seeds of four varieties which were grown matured in spring and autumn had better germination at 25/30℃ than at 25 ℃. There was no significant difference on germination of seeds matured in spring and autumn. At 25℃, seed germination of medium-long ‘Pink Diana’ fruit matured in autumn was better than that in spring, however seeds of ‘Fond May’ matured in spring germinated better than those in autumn. The germination of 60 days old fruit of some varieties was not affected by growing season. Seed germination of ‘Extra Long’ and ‘Fullness’ fruit matured in spring was better than that in autumn. ‘Bride’ and ‘Orient Charm’ fruit matured in autumn had the better germination. Germination of ‘Bride’, ‘Fond May’ and ‘Extra Long’ seeds were enhanced by after-ripening. Seeds of ‘Fullness’ fruit grown in autumn and through after-ripening increased the germination; however seeds of fruit grown in spring did not affected by after-ripening. The germination of seeds grown in autumn and stored for 4 months or grown in spring stored and for 1 month was increased. Heavy ‘Fond May’ seed had high density. The after-ripening seeds that contained more sugar and less starch were heavier than seeds without after-ripening. The conductivity of seeds imbibed one day at 25℃ or 25/30℃ increased rapidly for after-ripening seeds than without after- ripening seeds.