貯藏溫度與包裝對酪梨後熟果實果肉葉黃素、α-生育酚及D-甘露庚酮糖含量之影響

Effects of Storage Temperature and Package on the Contents of Lutein, α-tocopherol, and D-Mannoheptulose in Ripened Avocado Fruit Flesh

本研究針對台灣國產酪梨（Persea americana Mill.）品種，探討冷凍貯藏與真空包裝對後熟果肉中葉黃素（lutein）、α-生育酚（α-tocopherol）及D-甘露庚酮糖（D-mannoheptulose）含量的影響，以建立冷凍酪梨最佳儲藏條件，來提昇國內酪梨產業之經濟效益。國產‘章安’、‘清進一號’、‘秋可’、‘厚兒’、‘嘉選三號’以及‘麻豆普’六個品種之酪梨均採自嘉義縣竹崎鄉，將這些酪梨已後熟之果實去皮去籽，切成1 cm厚之片狀，裝入聚乙烯袋中，分別於-15和-30℃冷凍櫃中貯藏6個月，每個月取樣一次，測定葉黃素、α-生育酚、D-甘露庚酮糖含量之變化。結果顯示，果肉內葉黃素、α-生育酚和D-甘露庚酮糖凍藏在-15℃下，隨著儲藏時間的增加，含量降低，降幅最多分別可達51.2%、89.6%與77.5%，而在-30℃下可以保持較佳之貯藏品質。後熟之‘嘉選三號’酪梨切片，以聚乙烯袋與真空包裝袋抽真空包裝後，於-30℃冷凍櫃中貯藏6個月，結果顯示，酪梨果肉以真空包裝，其葉黃素、α-生育酚和D-甘露庚酮糖含量於6個月貯藏期間，皆無明顯變化，而以聚乙烯袋包裝，以上三項物質均隨貯藏時間增加含量降低。真空包裝對維持冷凍酪梨果肉葉黃素、α-生育酚和D-甘露庚酮糖含量效果較佳。 The effects of storage temperature and package on the contents of lutein, α-tocopherol and d-mannoheptulose were studied in ripened domestic avocado fruit flesh. We expect to establish an optimum storage condition to benefit avocado industry in Taiwan. Ripe domestic avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits from Jhu-ci area, Chia-yi County were peeled, seeded, and cut into 1 cm of thickness slices. These fruit slices were packed in polyester bags and stored at -15 and -30℃ for six months. The changes of lutein, α-tocopherol and D-mannoheptulose content of frozen mesocarp of avocado fruits were analyzed. Experiments were carried out with seven avocado cultivars, including 'Ching Jin No.1', 'Zhang an', 'Choquette', 'Hall', 'CASE3', and 'Madoupu'. The content of lutein, α-tocopherol, and D-mannoheptulose decreased in six months. However, the decrease could be controlled by being stored at lower temperature. Vacuum package maintained the content of lutein, α-tocopherol and D-mannoheptulose in avocado 'CASE3' flesh successfully during storage at -30℃ for 6 months.