二戰前後在漢口的臺灣人

Taiwanese in Hankou around World War II

日治時期在漢口的臺灣人，過去未有學者深入研究，但若不了解其狀況，則無法完整地敘述臺灣人在中國的動向，所以非研究不可。然而此主題的研究有其困難，一者戰前特別是戰爭期間有漢口經驗的臺灣人，除了少數人外，都絕口不提此事；二者有關漢奸/戰犯的上訴、判決資料難以掌握。本文掌握多項原手史料，如臺灣總督府核發的旅券下付表，得以掌握1937年以前去過漢口的臺灣人名單，戰後則取得漢口市警局、臺灣旅漢同鄉會製作的名單，加上武漢淪陷後以臺灣人為編輯部長發行的《武漢報》，南京中國第二歷史檔案館，國家發展委員會檔案管理局的相關審判資料，以及兩位關鍵人物莊泗川、柯台山的訪問紀錄，因而可以進行研究。本文除盡量探索在漢口的臺灣人的名單及其活動外，特別重視戰後他們面臨的困境，如漢奸/戰犯的審判，以及如何突破現實環境而安全返抵故鄉。經研究後得知，在漢口的臺灣人最多不過400多人，1938年以後來漢口者的職業大半營商，在武漢政府任職，在日本商社就業，有數位醫師在同仁會工作，還包括被日本人徵兵來漢口的145人。戰後臺灣人組織同鄉會，大部分在各方協助下安抵故鄉；少部分在汪政權下任公職者，被逮捕而以漢奸/戰犯審判，分別被判刑或處以不起訴、無罪。 Little attention has been paid to the Taiwanese in Hankou during the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. Without knowing their experience, it would be difficult to have the full picture of overseas Taiwanese living in China at that time. However, conducting research on this topic encounters the following problems. Firstly, most Taiwanese who were in Hankou before and especially during World War II preferred to keep silent on their lives and activities in those days. Secondly, materials of appeals or sentences for traitor/ war criminal cases are hard to obtain. This study has access to considerable primary source materials, such as lists of passports issued by the Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan, which shed light on Taiwanese traveling to Hankou before 1937. For the postwar period, historical materials available include name lists composed by the Hankou Police Department and the Hankou Taiwanese Association; the Wuhan Daily (newspaper) with a Taiwanese chief editor after the city fell into Japanese hands; trial records kept by the Second Historical Archives of China (Nanjing) and the National Archives Administration, National Development Council (Taiwan); as well as interview records of Chuang Szu-chuan and Ko Tai-shan, two crucial persons then in Hankou. In addition to compiling a list of Taiwanese in Hankou and exploring as thoroughly as possible their activities there, this paper focuses on their postwar predicaments, such as trials of traitors/ war criminals, as well as how they overcame difficulties and returned safely to Taiwan. A careful scrutiny of the above sources revealed no more than 400 Taiwanese in prewar Hankou, including 145 soldiers recruited by the Japanese to Hankou. Most of those who went there after 1938 were either merchants, or working for the city government or Japanese companies. There were also a few physicians working for the Tung-jen Association (同仁會). After World War II, the Taiwanese there organized the Hankou Taiwanese Association. With the help from all possible sources, most of these Taiwanese were able to return home safely. However, some who worked for the Wang Ching-wei regime were arrested and tried as traitors/ war criminals. They were either found guilty and served prison terms, or cleared of all charges.