特別權力關係與國家賠償法競合探討──從「分配正義」與「利得禁止」之觀點出發

The Study of Coopetition between Das BesondereGewaltverhaltnis (Special Power Relationship) and State Compensation Law–From the Views of 'Distributive Justice' and 'Unjust Enrichment'

十九世紀現代國家建立前，國家對其臣民不負法律上責任，一次大戰後，學說與實務均相繼承認國家對公務員違法執行職務，不問是公法行為或私法行為所生損害，均應負賠償之責。惟屬特別權力關係之人是否適用前揭見解，似有爭論。本文從特別權力關係理論分析國家賠償法之適用範圍及對象，並從保險法相關理論建構特別權力關係和國家賠償法競合時之權利分配，以期在確保人權之餘亦能兼顧分配正義。 Before the establishment of modern states in nineteenth century, the state does not carry the legal responsibility for its subjects. After the First World War, either theories or practices have recognized the responsibility to damages caused by civil servants whether caused by their duty performances or private conducts and the responsibility to compensations. However, it seems to be controversial whether the aforementioned opinion is applicable on people with Special Power Relationship. This paper is to analyze the application scope and target of the State Compensation Law based on the theory of Special Power Relationship as well as to construct the power distribution based on the coopetition of Special Power Relationship and State Compensation Law in order to protect human rights and ensure the distributive justice.