台灣青少年選手專項化問題與肌力訓練之角色

Specialization problems of youth athletes in Taiwan and the role of strength training

台灣升學制度及一些措施鼓勵青少年運動競賽，使青少年過早投入專項化訓練與比賽，此一作法較不符合運動訓練原則。本文以相關關鍵字搜尋資料庫並進行文獻探討，發現過度重視青少年運動成績，將促使過早進行專項化訓練，雖在國際分齡運動賽事上屢創佳績，但選手卻易運動傷害，錯失強化骨骼與肌腱的最佳時期，甚至可能影響20歲後運動表現。建議考量青少年從事多樣化（diversified sports）運動，並以肌力訓練為其發展平衡的肌肉骨骼解剖結構，建立強韌的骨骼、肌腱…等等結締組織，減少青少年運動傷害，亦為20－30歲高強度訓練及巔峰表現作準備。現行強調運動成績的趨勢，除了不利於運動表現的發展，亦容易導致青少年遭受運動傷害，建議政策上應編訂一套有利於青少年運動生涯發展的措施。 Taiwan's further education system and several measures that encourage youth sports and competitions have caused teenagers to enter specialized training programs and competitions prematurely; this practice does not seem to conform to the principles of sports training. This article searched databases using relevant keywords to conduct a literature review, discovering that Taiwan places too much emphasis on teenagers' athletic performance, resulting in early specialization training. Despite achieving positive results at international sports events of various age levels, the athletes experience sports injuries or miss the most suitable period for strengthening their bones and tendons even if they are not injured. In addition, their athletic performance after the age of 20 is affected. These are all caused by measures that encourage early specialization training. Such practices are not merely detrimental to the development of the sports in Taiwan, but also cause the youth athletes to experience sports injuries throughout their lifetime. The most satisfactory practice is for the youth athletes to engage in diversified sports as well as use strength training to develop a balanced musculoskeletal anatomy, and build strong connective tissue such as bones and tendons to reduce their sports injuries. Such practices prepare them for high-intensity training and peak performance aged 20-30 years, thereby achieving the greatest well-being for these youth athletes.