WTO與單邊貿易措施適法性分析

Analysis of the Legitimacy of WTO and Unilateral Trade Measures

WTO的多邊貿易體制運行並沒有終止貿易強國美國訴諸於單邊貿易措施的時代。本來國際法規制單邊貿易措施的漏洞，可藉由WTO的多邊貿易制度的設計、特別是爭端解決機制這個自足的法律體系予以彌補，但WTO專家小組／上訴機構的報告在重申多邊貿易制度固有的宗旨和紀律的同時，為單邊貿易措施的適法性留下了空間。如果WTO各成員方不希望多邊貿易體制仍然處於美國單邊貿易措施的永久威脅之下，就應采取措施確保WTO成員免遭單邊貿易措施的損害。

The operation of the multilateral trading system of WTO has not stopped the era when the United States, a trade power, resorted to unilateral trade measures. The loopholes in the regulation of multilateral trade measures in international law could be remedied by the design of the WTO multilateral trade system, especially the self- contained legal system of the dispute settlement mechanism. However, the report of the WTO Expert Group/ Appellate Body left room for legality of unilateral measures, while reiterating the inherent purpose and discipline of the multilateral trade system. If members of WTO do not want the multilateral trading system to remain under permanent threat from unilateral trade measures of the United States, measures should be taken to ensure that WTO members are protected from unilateral trade measures.