景觀與健康研究：環境經驗視角

Landscape and Health Research: Environmental Experience Perspectives

近十幾年來，由於社會變遷、流行病學的變化及人們對健康觀點的改變，國內外對於景觀與健康的研究增加。本文目的在於透過健康照護的觀點，檢視景觀與健康的研究現況，討論未來的研究方向，提倡環境經驗的重要性，並剖析質性研究在景觀與健康研究的角色與價值。本文認為園藝治療、景觀治療、食物地景與可食地景是可以跨領域合作的三大研究主題，現行的研究方向傾向將景觀作為「一種處方」來進行健康效益的量測，較少探討環境經驗或是涵蓋社會文化的面向。量性研究方法在眾多學術領域被視為主流，尤其是醫護領域在實證醫學推動下，隨機分配實驗向來被視為黃金標準。然而質性研究仍具有相當的重要性，也是「可以科學的」。本文認為景觀承載人們生活中的環境經驗，應將景觀視為日常生活的一部分，期許未來有更多質性研究探討真實世界中人們的環境經驗、檢視自然經驗的健康效益是如何被社會所建構，以及識別蘊含其中的社會文化意涵，以深化景觀與健康的跨領域研究。

In the recent decades, changes in our society, epidemiology of disease and health concepts are regarded as main reasons which make the expansion of the landscape and health research. Therefore, this article examines the current research development and suggests future research agenda based on the point of views from the healthcare discipline. Meanwhile, the significance of environmental experiences is emphasized and the role and contributions of qualitative research are analyzed. Horticulture therapy, therapeutic landscape, and foodscape and edible landscape can be three main research themes studied through a wider range of underpinning disciplines. There is a tendency that therapeutic landscape is regarded as ‘a treatment' and the research is designed to measure its' health benefits. Little attention is paid to the individuals' environmental experiences and social-culture aspects towards landscape and health. Contrasting to qualitative research, quantitative approaches in the academic research is often considered as gold standard, particularly in the healthcare domain after the movement of evidence-based medicine/nursing. However, the significant of qualitative studies cannot be ignored. Landscape is loaded with people's environmental experiences and is part of people's daily life. In order to deepen the understanding in the current research, qualitative approaches to explored people's environment experiences in the real world, to examine how the society constructs health benefits of nature experiences, and to identify the social-cultural meanings within, are suggested.