矽烷化有機改質蒙脫土／聚碳酸酯複合材料添加兩種阻燃劑之特性研究

The Research of Silylation Organic Modified Montmorillonite/Polycarbonate Composites of Adding Two Flame Retardants

聚碳酸酯（Polycarbonate, PC）由於具有高玻璃轉化溫度、高熱變形溫度和優異透明度，所以廣泛應用於許多領域，例如：汽車、建築、電子和電氣設備。然而，聚碳酸酯的阻燃性能無法滿足應用的要求，需要對其改質或是填充阻燃劑，提高阻燃性能，以達到防火標準。本研究利用聚碳酸酯作為基材，填充材為有機磷系阻燃劑磷酸三苯酯（Triphenyl Phosphate, TPP）與雙酚A-雙（二苯基磷酸酯）（Bisphenol-A Bis（Diphenyl Phosphate）, BDP），並選擇性能較佳之矽烷化有機改質蒙脫土（APTES-ODA3-OMMT）添加，使用塑譜儀混煉製成APTES-ODA3-OMMT／TPP／PC及APTES-ODA3-OMMT／BDP／PC複合材料，接著熱壓成型並切割成試片，進行XRD分析、FT-IR分析、SEM觀察、熱穩定性、阻燃性檢測。蒙脫土以十八胺（Octadecylamine, ODA）及3 -氨基丙基三乙氧基矽烷（（3-Aminopropyl）triethoxy-silane, APTES）改質之矽烷化有機改質蒙脫土（APTES-ODA-OMMT）經過XRD分析，發現層間距變大為2.21nm，PC複合材料XRD繞射在2θ=2-12˚沒有明顯繞射峰，為脫層型結構；FT-IR結果顯示矽烷及插層劑之官能基，表示改質成功；SEM結果顯示，矽烷化有機改質蒙脫土為片層狀，複合材料可以形成保護性炭層；複合材料高溫時存在較高殘炭量，表示高溫下熱穩定性改善；阻燃檢測結果顯示，試片TPP-5和BDP-5顯示極限氧指數（LOI）分別達到30和29，屬於難燃等級。

Polycarbonate (PC) is widely used in many fields such as automobiles, electronic, construction and electric devices, due to its high glass transition temperature, high heat distortion temperature, transparency and exceptional clarity. However, flame retardant performance of pure PC can't meet the requirements for applications. It must be modify or fill retardant to enhance flame retardant properties and up to fire safety standards. In this study, we used the PC as the matrix, added organic phosphorus flame retardant phosphate triphenyl phosphate (TPP) or bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), and silylated organic montmorillonite (APTES-ODA-OMMT) . APTES-ODA3-OMMT/TPP/PC and APTES-ODA3-OMMT/BDP/PC composites were prepared using a plasticizer and then thermoformed and cut into standard test pieces. The properties of composites were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, LOI, and thermal stability. The results showed the interlayer of APTES-ODA-OMMT modified by octadecylamine (ODA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) expanded about 2.21nm and there was no peak between 2θ at 2 to 12˚ indicating the dispersion of composites were exfoliation structure from XRD pattern. The FTIR results show the functional groups of silane and intercalation agent, indicating that the modification is successful. The SEM results show the APTES-ODA-OMMT is lamellar, and the composite material forms protective carbon layer. The more char residul of composites meant thermal property improved at high temperature. TPP-5 and BDP-5, can achieved the oxygen index (LOI) to 30 and 29, are flame retardant grade.