某冷軋廠的安全管理系統分析

Analysis of Safety Management System of a Cold Rolling Department

政府為加強企業安全衛生管理績效，降低危害風險，透過輔導、檢查或教育訓練等措施，達到有效降低職場災害發生率及提昇職場安全衛生管理績效。管理的定義：「運用資源以達成組織目標的程序」，管理之本質及其中心均著重在『人』。越注重安全衛生管理的公司，也較容易形塑優良的安全管理文化。本研究針對某鋼鐵公司冷軋廠管理人員對公司安全管理系統之運作、領導及安全認知，進行探討管理人員之處事作為是否能夠對部屬行為有所影響，也作為本研究對象推動安全管理實務評量參考。本研究主要以問卷方式對管理者個人作為、安衛認知對部屬之行為影響，先進行蒐集、整理各類論文或資料。最後歸類以「組織承諾」、「組織成員溝通」、「部門主管自我管理態度」、「直屬主管的角色」、「同仁間的行為影響」、「個人風險行為及影響」、「安全行為的阻礙及衝突」、「失能及虛驚事故處理作業」、「個人的角色」等九項題組，探討管理人員與部屬有關溝通、角色、個人風險行為、組織衝突及事故處理作業等。題組以描述性統計彙整分析管理者對部屬之行為影響認知的問卷。研究發現，該廠之「組織承諾」：會把安全議題看的非常嚴謹；「組織成員溝通」不足，導因該廠較少舉行大型集會宣導安衛規定；「部門主管自我管理態度」對於失能或虛驚事故，都會進行調查與分析及在廠區勞工安全衛生委員會中進行討論；「直屬主管的角色」，管理者走動管理對現場安全管理是很有幫助的；「同仁間的行為影響」，班員在作業前會討論作業程序；「個人風險行為及影響」，各項作業或維修工程進行危害鑑別與風險評估，並隨時因應製程變更進行修訂；「安全行為的阻礙及衝突」，跳脫遵守安全程序或省卻程序書步驟，也能順利安全的完成工作；「失能及虛驚事故處理作業」，對於失能或虛驚事故，都會進行調查與分析及在廠區勞工安全衛生委員會中進行討論；「個人的角色」顯示，認為「安全是自己的責任，只有自己能保護自身的安全」。

To improve the performance of safety management, the government takes actions such as giving counseling, inspecting and training, and so on to reduce the occurrence of hazards. Up to now, these actions have effectively not only decreased the occupational accident rate, but also raised the management performance of occupational safety and health. Management can be defined as an act or procedure for the use of available resources to achieve desired goals and objectives for the organization. The nature and cores of management focuses on ''people''.The more company emphasis on safety and health management, the more easier to shape an excellent safety management culture. This study was based on the questionnaire survey to investigate how the managerial staffs, whose perception of safety and individual response, affect how his or their subordinates had behaved at work place. Those related papers and thesis collected were reorganized into nine question sets including organizational commitment, communication between organization members, self management of superintendent, the role of Supervisor, influence of colleague behavior, Individual risk behavior and its influence, confliction and impedance of safety behavior, problem solving procedure of disability and near miss, and role of the individual. All nine question sets in this questionnaire were analyzed by using descriptive statistics to investigate how the cognitive capacity of managerial staffs can affect his or their subordinates' behavior. Results show bellow. Organizational commitment set shows that the company pays highly attention to safety issues. Communication between organization members set find Cold Rolling Department does not hold many large convention to announce related safety and health information or regulations. Both self- management of superintendent set and problem solving procedure of disability and near miss set show that superintendents or workers will investigate and analyze each accident of disability or near miss that occurred and then discuss in Labor Safety and Health Committee. The role of supervisor set shows that walking management is helpful to on-site safety management. Influence of colleague behavior set shows that they will discuss operating procedures before doing the job. Individual risk behavior and its influence set shows that workers took part in the hazard identification and risk assessment, and response to process changes at any time need to be amended. Confliction and impedance of safety behavior set surprisingly shows that they were safe to finish any job although they didn't follow the SOP or safety procedures. The role of the individual set shows security is the personal responsibility to protect own safety.