勞工行為認知於營造業安全管理之困境與突破

The Dilemma and Breakthrough of Worker Behavior Cognition in Construction Industry Safety Management

影響營造業安全管理問題甚多，如何掌握第一線特定職種勞工作業危害行為模式成為關鍵。從實務觀察與訪談過程發現，第一線勞工作業行為往往為求作業舒適、方便及效率，常見於民間工程出現飲用酒精性飲料，攀爬／跨越或於高處作業未勾掛安全帶情形。面對台灣營造業高職災率，如何透過教育訓練與輔導，來強化勞工自主安全行為表現，將是產官學各界共同努力的目標。本研究依據實務觀察紀錄與訪談，以了解勞工對於作業安全認知所存在「知道卻做不到」的問題。於分析過程中，結合心理學理論加以驗證營造業勞工行為變異原因。結果發現，樂觀偏差與矛盾心理及合理化作用、冒險心態，及選擇性投機心理等認知，普遍存在於營造業作業環境中。為此，本研究結合心理認知理論，及實務觀察與訪談結果，分別就業主、承攬商、專業分包商及勞工等於安全管理問題中，於認知問題加以剖析，並提供管理作法以供參考。

There are many problems affection the safety management in construction industry accident happen. How to identify the accident pattern or rules will be the key factor help people control the key man of first-line workers behavior variation. From the practice observation and interview process, it is found that front-line worker was often used for the comfort, convenience and efficiency of the work, and common drink alcoholic beverages in private project, standing on the high position climbing/crossing behavior and did not hook up safety belt. How to strengthen worker awareness through education training and counseling will be the goal of our joint efforts. According to the practical observation records and interviews, help us to understand the worker awareness of job safety knowledge between knowing and not doing problems. Analysis process combined with psychological theory to verify the causes of worker behavior variation in the construction industry. The results show that the cognition of optimistic deviation, contradictory psychology, rationalization, risk mentality and selective speculation psychology is widely existed in the construction industry environment. Therefore, the research combines with the theory of psychological cognition and the results of practice observation and interview, analyzes the cognition problem of owners, forwarders, subcontractor and workers provides management practices for reference.