習近平時代の中国の社会治理および国家と社会の関係

習近平時期中國社會治理與國家社會關係（The Social Governance and State Society Relations in Xi Jinping’s China ）

威權主義已成為近年來比較政治領域中的重要課題，研究焦點不僅集中在統治集團內部的權力分配，也放在來自社會對政權的挑戰。中國歷經將近四十年的改革開放不僅經濟快速成長，國家社會關係也發生了改變，特別是隨著近年來社會力量不斷增強，民眾維權的需求與國家維穩間產生極大的矛盾。本文將從威權政體與國家社會關係的理論觀點出發，探討並比較在習近平掌權前後社會力量興起與黨國回應的變化，本文認為，習近平政權確實強化了國家強制力的運用，特別是透過掌握資訊通訊科技加深對社會的控制，此與其推動的「依法治國」和「創新社會治理」有本質上的差異。本文最後則提出具理論與政策意涵之結語。 In recent years, authoritarianism has become an important research topic in the field of comparative politics. Studies have focused not only on internal power distribution within the ruling clique, but also increasingly on the mass protests that are significantly affecting social stability, which can be said is the society’s biggest challenge. Ever since China has entered the post-Mao era, it has seen great changes in state-society relations, such as an increase in economic reforms that came about with the transition. This transition also brought about a steady increase in social forces, as well as both resentment and discontentment from the people in recent years. In this paper, we will discuss both authoritarian regimes and state society relations using theoretical perspectives. Then, we will describe and compare the rise of social forces and party-state responses before and after Xi Jinping came into power in the CCP. Furthermore, we will indicate that Xi regime strengthened the use of coercive power of the state, especially with the use of ICTs and digitization to expand social control. The “rule of law” and “innovative social governance” promoted by the Xi regime essentially contradict the empirics. In the final section, the conclusion and discussion of theoretical and policy implication will be discussed.

In recent years, authoritarianism has become an important research topic in the field of comparative politics. Studies have focused not only on internal power distribution within the ruling clique, but also increasingly on the mass protests that are significantly affecting social stability, which can be said is the society’s biggest challenge. Ever since China has entered the post-Mao era, it has seen great changes in state-society relations, such as an increase in economic reforms that came about with the transition. This transition also brought about a steady increase in social forces, as well as both resentment and discontentment from the people in recent years. In this paper, we will discuss both authoritarian regimes and state society relations using theoretical perspectives. Then, we will describe and compare the rise of social forces and party-state responses before and after Xi Jinping came into power in the CCP. Furthermore, we will indicate that Xi regime strengthened the use of coercive power of the state, especially with the use of ICTs and digitization to expand social control. The “rule of law” and “innovative social governance” promoted by the Xi regime essentially contradict the empirics. In the final section, the conclusion and discussion of theoretical and policy implication will be discussed.