論荀子禮論的建構

Study of etiquette in Xun Zi

荀子之學，以「禮」為宗，其核心在於「稱情立文」，終極目標在於「情文俱盡」。蓋荀子所言「禮」，實包含「禮情」與「禮文」兩部分，簡稱「情」與「文」。荀子以「情」為經，以「文」為緯，經由情、文交織，構成禮的內在精神與外在形式。由於荀子〈禮論篇〉提出「稱情立文」、「情文俱盡」之說，以「三年之喪」為例，蓋以其為人文之禮中最隆重的禮節。探究其歷史發展背景，蓋孔子嘗云：「生，事之以禮；死，葬之以禮，祭之以禮。」（《論語‧為政》）然至戰國之際，墨學大顯於天下，節葬、短喪之說流行。故荀子特立〈禮論篇〉，一方面是對孔子所言作出申論：另一方面則是對墨子的節葬、短喪之說，加以批駁。本文藉禮之起源、功用言說，並以「情」、「文」兩觀念，探討「稱情立文」與「情文俱盡」之意涵，並以「三年之喪」為例，說明荀子對於人文之禮的建構所作出的貢獻。 “Ritual” is the main idea of Xun Zi's theory. Its core value is' the inner spirits establish external norms”, and' thorough inner and external ceremony' is the final purpose. Thus the ritual that Xun Zi said contains' inner spirits' and 'external norms”. The statements, “the inner spirits establish external norms” and“ thorough inner and external ceremony', proposed by Xun Zi's “ceremony on articles”.”Three years of mourning” which is especially the grandest ceremony of humanity etiquette. Its historical development background research shows that Confucius’ the Analects “for politics” once said ” life, things with propriety ; death, funeral ceremony, offering them with propriety”. Developed later in Warring States, popular thinking of Mo Zi advocated simple funeral and brief mourning. Therefore, “ceremony on articles” by Xun Zi, on one hand is to make application on what Confucius said; On the other hand is to refute Mo Zi's doctrine. This study is mainly originated from the history and function of ritual to discussion of the meaning of “the inner spirits establish external norms” and“ thorough inner and external ceremony”. And take “three years of mourning” as example to explain the contribution of Xun Zi's Humanity etiquette.