論胡適《水滸傳》考證的研究方法

The Study on Hu Shih's Research of “Outlaw of Marsh”

胡適是專門研究白話小說的先驅，其小說考證在當時引起討論熱潮。學術研究有時提出問題比解決問題更有價值。胡適對白話小說的學術眼光與研究關注，促使古典小說進入學術研究的殿堂，至今方興未艾。胡適高瞻遠矚的眼光，勇往直前的魄力，開創風氣的研究方法，平等看待學問的研究態度，直到今日仍有讓我們學習之處。本文將以胡適的《水滸傳》考證文章為研究題材，探討胡適考證《水滸傳》所使用的研究方法。胡適《水滸傳》考證的最大貢獻是提出歷史進化的文學觀念，文學作品的產生及流變，與其所處時代背景息息相關。他在歷史進化的文學觀念引導下，用比較、歸納與類推等方法所得出的部分論點，至今仍為學界接受。針對胡適《水滸傳》的研究，本文提出一些需要商榷的部份，並使用胡適的研究方法檢驗他的論文，這正是遵從他主張努力不受人迷惑的研究態度。 Hu Shih is a pioneer of vernacular fiction research. His research brought about ardent discussion at the time. For research, sometimes questioning is more valuable than solving problems. Hu's great vision and attention raises the status of vernacular fiction. Nowadays, vernacular fiction research is still popular. No doubt Hu's attitude and ways of research is worthy to learn these days. This article uses Hu's research of “Outlaw of Marsh” to discuss the ways he used. The biggest contribution of Hu's “Outlaw of Marsh” research is the viewpoint of literature evolution which considered the creation and alteration of literature is related to the epochs. Under this viewpoint, Hu used comparison, induction and analogy to get contentions. Today, these contentions are accepted in academic circles. Although Hu's research are remarkable, there are some problems to discuss. The following article also uses Hu's ways of research to discuss those problems. And it's just abide by his opinion that scholars should have their own viewpoints and not be influenced by others easily.