李清照詩詞中孤獨意涵的詮釋學觀點

A hermeneutical viewpoint of solitude in Lee Qingzhao's poetry

我們不是千年前李清照的時代處境，難以得知其作品的原意；閱讀李清照，也不是在窺探個人瑣碎的心靈，而是為了獲得作品中宇宙、人生的普遍真理，這提出一種詮釋方法，不再侷限在作品心靈的解讀，而是對「人」表現出來的各種意義作深入的瞭解。本文焦點在探討李清照的存有，她作品真實的說出自己的無奈和宇宙一切存有者的自我矛盾；它觸動了我們自己的存有，這永世的孤獨感，宛如生存的一種「魔性」，靠內在自我力量去提昇、自創。從作品印証出易安晚年尋求孤獨，發掘靈性，為達高層目標的尋求，她向內感通，尋求「理想的自我」。李清照作品召喚出結構，存有的孤獨感真實的感動我們，清照向我們開顯了她自己，和我們的存有孤獨感作今昔之相應，只有用現在的處境來重建作品，和作品做視域交融，才能填構出新的意義。本文不在窺探李清照的心靈，而是用詮釋學理論，籍作品層層往上推演出她詩詞中的「存有」感、她如何構建內心的孤獨；並用伊瑟爾（Wolfgang Iser，1926-）的「空白」理論讓我們讀者來填補，從而產出文本的新視野。 The original meaning of the works cannot be known, since we are not at Lee Qingzhao's time. Reading Lee is not to spy one's mind, but to obtain a universal truth of human lives from the work. This proposed that one hermeneutical method, no longer limits in explanation on the works, but deeper understanding “the human” and the meaning they make. This article focuses on discussing Lee's being by her work, which tells her helpless and self-contradictory and touch the readers’ existence. We meet our own existence and solitude by reading her work, comparing the situation in different time, and then rebuilding the work and making new meanings. The solitude in her work just likes the “the fairyhood” of survival. We see her questing of solitude, spirituality, and seeking the ideal self from her later work. This article discusses Lee's work in a viewpoint of Hermeneutics to understand her feeling of existence, her presence of solitude. Iser's theory “blank”(or gap) is used in the article.