大學生學業應得權益感研究：量表發展與相關變項關係分析──以臺灣北部與中部地區八所大學為例

The Study of Academic Entitlement: Development of Measurement Scale and the Relationships between Relational Variables among Taiwan University Students- Eight Colleges in North and Central Taiwan as an Example

近年來在美國高等教育，學業應得權益概念的探討已被視為一種重要的課題，然而學業應得權益感之測量工具與概念卻存在一些問題有待釐清，再加上國內學業應得權益感研究付之闕如，本研究將編製測量工具、驗證量表之信效度，進而分析學業應得權益感概念與其他相關變項間的關連性，以提供後續高等教育教學與相關研究之參考。本研究以臺灣916位大學生為樣本進行探究，研究結果顯示：（一）經因素分析歸納出大學生學業應得權益感的三個因素：「剝削的學業應得權益信念」、「非剝削的學業應得權益信念」、「個別化的學業應得權益信念」，且一階驗證性因素（變項間存在相關）和二階驗證性因素模式的配適度均佳，觀察資料的模式適配度呈現良好結果，顯示這三個因素所構成的量表具有良好的信效度；（二）大學生在學業應得權益感的現況方面是屬「中程度」；（三）大學生學業應得權益感與外控信念、社會外向、自卑感、神經質、焦慮性、憂鬱性、雙親教養態度之保護均具有正相關；（四）男學生的剝削的學業應得權益信念、非剝削的學業應得權益信念、個別化的學業應得權益信念、整體學業應得權益信念得分均明顯高於女學生。最後，本研究進行討論並對未來研究提出相關建議。 In higher education in the United States, academic entitlement has been regarded as an important educational issue in recent years. However, academic entitlement measurement tools and concepts have some shortcomings. So far the research of analyzing the relationships between academic entitlement in domestic university students is lacking. This study will develop university students’ academic entitlement scale, and verify the reliability and validity of this scale for the reference of teaching and related research. There were 916 university students that participated in this study and the findings are as following: (1) three latent variables contain “exploitative academic entitlement”, “non-exploitative academic entitlement”, and “individual academic entitlement”. The first order and the second order confirmatory factor analysis as well as observation data showed the best fit.; (2) university students have a middle degree of academic entitlement; (3) academic entitlement had significantly positive relationships with external locus of control beliefs, social extraversion, inferiority, nervousness, anxiety, depression and parenting style; (4) male students would perceive more exploitative academic entitlement, non-exploitative academic entitlement, individual academic entitlement and total academic entitlement than female students. Based on the findings of this study, discussion and suggestions were made for practical work for the school and for future research.