福島原発事故以降における日本のエネルギー安全保障の転換について

福島核能事故以降日本能源安全的轉變（The Change of Japanese Energy Security after Fukushima Nuclear Accident）

2011年3月11日日本東北地區發生芮氏規模9大地震及海嘯，造成東京電力公司福島第一核電廠嚴重的核能外洩事故，此事故不僅考驗日本政府危機處理的能力，同時也暴露出日本能源安全的脆弱性。世界第三大經濟體，第五大能源消費國的日本，所需能源幾乎都從國外進口，特別是不穩定的中東地區，能源的安定供給成為日本國家安全中很重要的一環。1970年代石油危機使日本政府體認到過度倚賴國外石油的危險性，核能成為替代性能源的重要選項之一。福島核能事故的發生，意味著日本長期建立的核能「安全神話」受到質疑，日本必須重新思考新的能源安全戰略，如何兼顧能源安定供給、經濟發展、以及地球暖化等，提出更符合日本的能源安全政策，成為刻不容緩的課題。本文從能源安全的角度，探討福島核能事故以降，面對國際能源情勢的變化以及國內能源環境更加嚴峻的情況下，日本能源安全的困境以及能源安全戰略的轉變過程。 On March 11^(th), 2012, a massive earthquake, 9 on the Richter scale, and a tsunami attacked north-east area of Japan, and caused nuclear meltdown in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). This accident not only tested Japanese government’s crisis management ability, but also exposed the fragility of Japanese energy security. As the third largest economy, and the fifth largest energy consumer in the world, Japan is dependent upon imported energy from abroad, especially from the Middle East. Supplying energy stably is one of the most important parts of Japan national security. Oil Crisis in 1970’s made Japanese government realize the danger of overly relying on the imported oil; therefore, nuclear energy became one of the key options of alternative energy. After Fukushima Nuclear Accident, people began to question the security of nuclear energy that Japan has established for a long time; Japan has to reconsider their energy security strategy. How to balance supplying energy with stability, economic development, and global warming to come up with a more suitable energy security policy of their own is a pressing issue to Japanese government. This thesis will be based on energy security perspective, to discuss the difficulties of energy security that Japanese government has to solve and the transition process of their energy security policy as the international energy situation keeps changing and the domestic energy is lacking after Fukushima Nuclear Accident.