日本語における実現可能文の意味について－否定形を中心に－日本語教師の専門能力に関する性差分析

關於日語實現可能句型之句意探討──以否定句型為中心（A Study of the Semantic Analysis of Actual Potentials in Japanese: On Negative Sentences）

本論文係以事象的樣態以及主體的意志性之關聯來考察實現可能句型之否定形的句意。實現可能句型的否定形，在先行研究當中一直都被認為是表達以主體意圖為基礎，或是期待實行之行為未實現之意義。然而，從本論文之考察結果得知，實現可能句型的否定形除了表示否定其肯定形句意之〈意圖性行為之不成立〉之外，也有表示〈心理抗拒導致之事象不成立〉以及〈歸結性的事象不成立〉的情形。因此，從本論文的探討結果發現，實現可能句型的否定形不僅僅是只有否定肯定形之句意模式，藉由透過「否定」這樣的語法呈現方式，反而能衍生出在肯定形中所無法表達的句意。由此可指出，實現可能句型的否定形和肯定形在意義上並非相互對應。此外，關於實現可能句型和自發表現之間的差異，不僅只於主體是否有執行該動作之意圖，而是在於事象是否實際成立亦或是不成立之可能性上。 This paper describes the semantic analysis of negative actual potentials that express event occurrence once in modern Japanese with the viewpoint of the intention of the subject and the way of events. The conclusions are as follows.(1) First, it was shown clearly that the meaning of negative potential sentences is not only [un-attaining of desirable event] that just denies the meaning of affirmative sentence, but also [event un-attaining by psychological element] and [conclusive event un-attaining].(2) The negative sentence of actual potentials have the meanings that the affirmative ones not show, so we can say that negative sentences have the function of draw out the meanings that affirmative sentences never means.(3) The difference of actual potential and spontaneous constructions is the intention of the subject discussed by previous research. The consideration result of this paper shows that the more important difference of actual potential and spontaneous constructions is the way of recognition that means the possibility of event.