試論森鷗外之《青年》：小泉純一「夢」中的女性

Mori Ogai's 'Seinen': The Women in Junichi Koizumi's 'Dream'

森鷗外自小倉時期回歸後的代表性長篇小說《青年》，自發表以來便飽受失敗的「模倣作」之負評。本論文探討在《青年》作品中，於小泉純一的「夢」裡出現之三位女性的「表情」，經由她們帶給小泉五感上的刺激，釐清在其「夢」中出現的女性定位。首先，透過與小泉純一初次見面的分析，勾勒出小雪（お雪さん）、阪井夫人及阿茶（おちゃら）的「表情」輪廓，再以三位女性所表現出的五感誘惑為媒介，確認小泉純一對女性的渴望來源。例如，小泉純一並非受到阪井夫人直接的誘惑，而是先從視覺上的刺激，進而被她漸漸傳達來的聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺以及味覺所魅惑，最後才有了肉體關係。接著援用笛卡兒的『情念論』，探討主角純一內心的情慾世界。在「精神的被動性」與「精神的主動性」（知覺與意志）的相互作用之下，梳理出他對於阪井夫人的複雜情感的脈絡。最後，套用佛洛伊德及榮格的「夢境分析」理論，從小泉純一的夢中所出現的女性順序，檢視純一對這三位女性真正的喜惡，亦再次確認他心靈深處理想的女性形象。 ”Seinen”, published after Mori Ogai's return to Tokyo from Kokura, is one of his famous novels but always criticized as a poor mimic. Focusing on the three heroines' ”facial expressions” appearing in Junichi Koizumi's dream, this study explores the significance of the sensual stimulation of five senses that Oyuki, Lady Sakai and Ochara brought to him.First, the outlines of Oyuki, Lady Sakai and Ochara are sketched out through the analyses of their ”facial expressions” at their first meetings with Junichi Koizumi. It is clear that Junichi Koizumi was fascinated by the expressions of the three women's senses. Not directly seduced at the beginning, for example, Junichi Koizumi was gradually fascinated by Lady Sakai's visual stimulation, followed by those of hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting, until he finally had a sexual relationship with her.Then the study employs Descartes' concept of ”Les passions de l'ame” to explore Junichi Koizumi's inner world of desire. Junichi Koizumi's complex for Lady Sakai is clearly revealed under the interaction of ”the spirit of passivity” and ”the spirit of the initiative” (the consciousness and the will). Finally, based on the dream interpretations of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the order of the three women appearing in Junichi Koizumi’s dream reveals the degree of his like/dislike of them and further verifies the ideal female image in his mind.