歴史小説のジャンル特性–芥川龍之介・司馬遼太郎・井上靖の小説作品のテクスト構成–

歷史小說的類型特色──聚焦於芥川龍之介‧司馬遼太郎‧井上靖之小說作品的文本構造（The Genre Characteristic of a Historical Novel: Text Structure of the Novel Work of Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Ryotaro Shiba, and Yasushi Inoue）

以歷史為題材而完成的小説或電影，常常引起社會的關心或成為關注的話題。本論文主要目的是考察具有社會影響力的歷史小說之構造，選訂以撰寫中國歷史小說著名作家井上靖的《天平之甍》為文本分析。同時將分析結果與被奉為日本近代歷史小説圭臬的芥川龍之介《羅生門》、日本現代歷史小説代表作家司馬遼太郎《龍馬所向》作對照比較。分析結果顯示：建構小説文本基本構造的「描寫1」可細分為3類。第1類為描寫某日某一特定時間發生的事件的「基本描寫1」。第2類為聚焦「基本描寫」進而掌握重點的「要約描寫1」。第3類為濃縮歷經年、月的一大段時間經過的「濃縮描寫1」。此結果乃是源自於經歷長時間的遣唐使派遣過程中，錯中複雜地交織出無數人的悲歡離合故事集合的《天平之甍》。而《天平之甍》的文本構造與描寫個人事件的《羅生門》、《龍馬所向》相差甚遠。同樣是屬於歷史小說的類型，但會因為描繪史實與主體設定在個人或群體而產生表現手法的極大差異。此結論是本論文透過聚焦於芥川龍之介・司馬遼太郎・井上靖之小説作品的文本構造，所客觀統整出日本歷史小說的類型特色，非常值得參考。 A novel and a movie dealing with history often create big social concern and argument. This paper has considered the text structure of the historical novel with social influence power. This paper has made the main sample Yasushi Inoue ”Tenpyo no Iraka” which is his famous for the history novel of China. Simultaneously, this paper has compared Ryunosuke Akutagawa ”Rashoumon” which is a model of a modern historical novel and Ryotaro Shiba ”Ryoma ga Yuku” that is a typical historical novel in present age Japan with Yasushi Inoue's one.As a result, three kinds of subdivisions is observed in the ”depiction 1” which constitutes the foundations of the text structure of a novel. First kinds are the ”basic depiction 1” describing the occurrence which suited in the time zone of a certain specific day. Second kinds are the ”depiction 1 of a summary” which summarizes ”the basic depiction 1” according to a focus. The third kinds are the ”depiction 1 of contraction” which draws progress by the time scale per a moon or a year. This is considered that to be the result which ”Tempyo no Iraka” has tried to draw the occurrence that the motion of much persons compounded and produced in Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China dispatch. The text structure of ”Tempyo no Iraka” has the difference between ”Rashomon” and ”Ryoma ga Yuku” which basically has drawn an individual event. It is clarified that the difference of the object from the individual to the group and the mode of expression are deeply related when the history fact is drawn in the text.