台日における大学生の家族意識の変容に伴う老親扶養の変化–実証的な調査結果の分析を通じて–

從台日大學生家庭觀之轉變探討奉養雙親之意識變化──以實證調查分析結果為中心（The Changing Family Consciousness and Elderly Parents Care in Taiwan and Japan: A Study Based on the Analysis Result of a Questionnaire Survey Conducted among Japanese and Taiwanese Undergraduates）

深受儒教思想影響之東亞各國，將奉養年邁父母與實踐敬老精神視為理所當然之事。但不可諱言的在近代化的伴隨之下，台灣與日本在傳承傳統文化精神上面臨了極大的挑戰。亦即台灣與日本對於養兒防老的價值觀已逐漸式微，在這樣的社會背景之下，台日大學生的家庭觀有著什麼樣的變化？本稿將過去的生活經驗（是否曾與祖父母同住）、敬老精神的支持與否以及與祖父母的關係作為三個說明變數，透過台日大學生的實證調查結果分析，來釐清台日大學生對於家庭觀的差異性。研究結果如下：（1）台日間對於家庭觀有著顯著的差異。台灣大學生比起日本大學生擁有更加強烈的傳統家庭觀。（2）在台灣「與祖父母的關係」和家庭觀之間有著高度相關，反之在日本除了「與祖父母的關係」和家庭觀之間有著高度相關之外，「敬老精神的支持與否」與家庭觀之間也有著某程度的相關性。（3）本研究中值得特別提出的是比起日本的大學生，台灣大學生持有極度強烈的「高齡者自立觀」，這個結果顯示將來台灣極有可能與歐美各國相同，成為親子各自獨立的個人主義社會，再者也暗示了台灣社會將比日本社會變化來得更加急遽。以上的研究結果對於台灣政府在制定高齡者政策與家庭政策上可供作參考。 Under the influence of Confucianism, countries in East Asia hold it to be a natural obligation to care elderly parents and to revere the elders. Yet, as modernization increased within society, such a cultural inheritance faced an enormous challenge both in Taiwan and Japan where the tradition to raise children in the hope of securing care in old age has increasingly declined. In such a social background, what changes can we find in the family consciousness of Japanese and Taiwanese undergraduates? And in what way are they different from each other in their responses to the declining traditional?The three showing variables to be used in this research are the past life experience of the respondent (having or not having the experience of living with grandparents), his/her ideas about reverence for the elders as well as his/her relationships with grandparents. By conducting a survey on the family consciousness of Japanese and Taiwanese undergraduates and analyzing the acquired results, this article aims to compare and illustrate in what way Japanese and Taiwanese university students are different in their family concepts. Research result: (1) There are significant differences between Japan and Taiwan in terms of family concepts. In comparison with Japan university students, undergraduates in Taiwan have stronger traditional family concepts. (2) In Taiwan, ”family concepts” has much to do with ”relationships with grandparents,” while, in Japan, ”family concepts” is closely related to ”reverence for the elders” as well as ”relationships with grandparents.”(3) The research results show that among Taiwan university students there is a much stronger belief that the elders should be independent. According to the survey result, it is very likely that Taiwan, like European countries and the USA, parent-child independent individualism will prevail. The results also suggest that Taiwan society will change much more rapidly than Japanese society. The survey results listed above may serve as reference for Taiwan government when drawing up policy on the elders as well as family.