台湾における日本語借用語アクセント–台湾語の声調から見る場合–

在台灣之日語借詞重音──從台語聲調來看（Accentual Patterns in Taiwanese Loanwords of Japanese Origin:A View from the Tones in Taiwanese）

早在日據時代開始，就已經有研究指出，台灣人的日語發音中可以發現一連串的特徵。本論文特別著眼於其中的重音分佈。在台灣人的發音當中，除了最開始和最後以外的拍（音節），其他都置於低音，也就是有所謂的「負2 型」重音特徵傾向。此點是在目前的日語學習者中也常見的特徵，如何對應和處理也經常成為討論的對象。關於此種現象，在研究文獻當中將原因歸咎於台灣特有的聲調現象。例如謝（1984）當中，即假定語當中的全音節在底層形式時，會因為喉塞音而造成入聲音，由此連續變調之故而形成「負2 型」重音。此外，張（1989）也提到在底層形式為語末輕聲的狀況下，會因為低而短的發音而產生「負2 型」的重音型態。本論文將先提出，檢視了以日語為起源的借詞後，會發現無法以上述兩種觀點來完全解釋所有的資料之研究結果。接著，本論文亦認為，無法將日語學習者的重音型態產生的原因，全部歸咎於台語，需要新的觀點來重新檢視重音型態產生的過程。 It is pointed out earlier from the era of Japanese colonial rule thatJapanese accent produced by Taiwanese learners has certain patterns.Most crucial characteristics is that their accent often obeys the so-called“Minus 2” scheme, namely the head and tail of the word takes low pitch,otherwise high. This pattern prevails among the learners and invokeseducational demands for correction.Previous studies attributes the origin of this accentual pattern totone sandhi phenomena in Taiwanese (or, more broadly, Amoy) phonology.Hsieh (1984) argues that the all syllables in a Japanese word areunderlyingly have the entering tone of glottal stop, and then surface asthough they constitute “Minus 2” scheme after the sandhi rule applies.Chang (1989) also utilizes a phonological mean, the light tone which arepronounced in weaker intensity and lower pitch.The present study investigates data from Taiwanese loanwords ofJapanese origin, and concludes that the above two theories of theaccentual pattern fail to explain the various aspects of the data. Finally,the author points out that it is difficult to attribute all characteristics toTaiwanese phonology, and that a new viewpoint is in need for moreexplanatory understanding of the process to produce Japanese accent byTaiwanese.