宮沢賢治の書簡に見る死生観と生死観

宮澤賢治書簡中的死生觀與生死觀（The Outlook on Death- and- Life Issue and Life-and-Death Issue in Miyazawa Kenji's Letters）

宮澤賢治曾對其學生說「我們人是為了要知道為何出生到這世上，才來到這人世間的。而且一個人是否認真思索這個問題將決定其生存價值。」。另一方面，他的作品裡不乏諸如「夜鷹之星」「滑床山之熊」「光之裸足」「銀河鉄道之夜」等表現死生観或生死観的代表作。就像這樣，其人其作總是思索著生與死，因此死生觀與生死觀應該會是解析其作品的關鍵要素。由於日文的死生觀與生死觀多少有所不同，本文首先釐清二者的定義。而由於現存宮澤賢治作家論的相關資料中，以書簡較為直接且完整，乃針對其中與生死觀或死生觀相關的部分作探討，來形塑出宮澤賢治的死生觀與生死觀。 Miyazawa Kenji once said to his students, “ We were born to explorewhy we are here in this world, and a man’s value of existence lies inwhether he ponders the question seriously.” Besides, many importantworks of his express his perspectives on life and death.He was always meditating on life and death in his life and his works,so a deeper look into the essence of death and life issues will be the keyfactor to understand his works better.This essay will first clarify the differences between the twoviewpoints , death-and –life and life- and- death, which are , in a sense,not quite the same. In this essay, Miyazawa Kenji’s views of life anddeath will be clearly shaped mainly by discussing the related parts fromhis letters as the letters are more direct and complete among MiyazawaKenji’s existing materials like letters, notes, memos, and biographies.