圈飼台灣黑熊嗜食性初探

Feeding Habit of the Formosan Black Bear(Ursus thibetanus formosanus) in Captivity

為探討圈飼台灣黑熊嗜食性與食物營養分之關係，以研究黑熊的攝食行為。利用被盜獵飼養之台灣黑熊母熊一隻，給予之食物包括饅頭、蘋果、木瓜、豬肉、肉骨、雞蛋、柳丁、紅蘿蔔、犬飼料、番石榴、玉米和地瓜等共有12種，其飼料平均含粗蛋白17.0%、粗脂肪7.6%、粗纖維 7.2%、能量4.4 Kcal／g、Ca 1.8%、P 1.0%。調配後給予一日糧或三日糧不同量，在一次給予一日糧或三日糧之間，其選食的順序相關性高（r=0.93, P<0.01），即為二者間具一致性。不同食物間之嗜食性觀測值等級（rank）有部分具顯著差異，而嗜食性與飼糧營養分之間的相關性均不顯著，顯示圈飼台灣黑熊對食物的選擇順序非任意的，但受營養分含量的影響不大。 A juvenile female Formosan black bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus), that was captured illegallyby poacher from the field and kept at the Low Altitude Experiment Station (elevation 1,000m) of TaiwanEndemic Species Research Institute, was used as an experimental animal. Two experiments wereconducted: the 1-day ration experiment and 3-day ration experiment. For the former the bear wasprovided with an amount of 1-day ration each day for a 10-day period. For the later the bear were fedwith an amount of 3-day ration at the 3-day intervals for a period of 15 days. For the 1-day rationexperiment, the bear showed the first preference to bread and then followed by apple, papaya, pork, bone,egg, orange, carrot, dog food, guava, corn and sweet potato. For the 3-day ration experiment, thepreference order was egg, bread, apple, papaya, pork, bone, orange, corn, guava, dog food, carrot andsweet potato. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.931 (P<0.01) for 10 duplicated tests of the 1-day ration experiment, and 0.962 (P<0.01) for five duplicated tests of the 3-day ration experiments. Therewas a significant correlation (r=0.93, P<0.005) in the preference order of food items between the twoexperiments. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation of the food preference to the energycontents (cal/g) (r=0.232, P>0.05 for 1-day ration experiment and r=0.159, P>0.005 for the 3-day rationexperiment), to the nutrient contents (protein, fat, phosphates and calcium), and to the fiber contents. Theresults suggest that this omnivorous bear does not choose food items randomly, but has a fairly insistentnature to select food items without relationship to the contents of energy, nutrients, and fiber in the food.