鳥類資源的調查方法

Census Techniques for Bird Surveys

本文蒐集鳥類調查相關文獻，整理出15種鳥類的調查方法。在這15種調查方法之中，群集巢位計數法、求偶場計數法、棲所計數法、遷移計數法、領域描圖法、錄放反應法、單位努力量捕捉法、標放法、排遺計數法及個體聲音辨識法等十種調查方法比較適合應用在以特定類別鳥種為對象的資源調查或特定目標的鳥類學研究之上。至於穿越線法、定點計數法、群集計數法、時間種類計數法及地區搜尋法等五種調查方法則可應用在一般的鳥類資源調查之上，本文同時對這五種調查方法作較為深入的敘述及討論。但由於一般鳥類資源調查的物種對象廣泛，並不容易選出一個完全適合的調查方法；而如果希望對所調查的鳥類作各類族群推估，則需要採用適當的數學模式及取樣方法。 A literature review was conducted on census techniques in bird survey. For 15 techniques identified,10 techniques were found to be useful only for particular species or group of species, or for particularobjective of investigation, while five techniques were applicable to general inventory survey. The former10 techniques are 1) counting nests in colonies, 2) counting lek, 3) counting roosts, 4) counting migrants,5) territory mapping, 6) response to playback, 7) catch per unit effort, 8) mark-release-recapture, 9)dropping counts, and 10) vocal individuality. The latter five techniques are 1) line transect, 2) pointcount, 3) counting flocks, 4) time species count, and 5) area search. This paper describes briefly thesefive techniques, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the techniques. However,there is no single technique that is found to be the best or perfect to the inventory survey. For density orpopulation estimation, statistically sound sampling techniques are required.